Saving the Strong Programme? A critique of David Bloor’s recent work

This article critically appraises David Bloor’s recent attempts to refute criticisms levelled at the Strong Programme’s social constructionist approach to scientific knowledge. Bloor has tried to argue, contrary to some critics, that the Strong Programme is not idealist in character, and it does not involve a challenge to the credibility of scientific knowledge. I argue that Bloor’s attempt to deflect the charge of idealism, which calls on the self-referential theory of social institutions, is partially successful. However, I suggest that although the Strong Programme should not be accused of ‘strong idealism’, it is still vulnerable to the criticism that it entails a form of ‘weak idealism’. The article moves on to argue that, contrary to Bloor, constructionist approaches do challenge the credibility of the scientific knowledge that they analyse. I conclude the article by arguing that sociological analyses of scientific knowledge can be conducted without the weak idealism and the credibility-challenging assumptions of the Strong Programme approach.     

科技奖励中评审结果的可信度研究

本文运用社会统计学的相关分析和回归分析等方法，研究科技奖励过程中的越轨行为。研究发现，在同行评议专家的选择、同行评议过程和对获奖成果的评价等科技奖励全过程中都存在着不同程度的越轨，从而影响了科技奖励的公正性和客观性     

仿真系统VV&A研究

仿真系统VV＆A是针对仿真系统全生命周期可信性评估而实施的一项重要活动，是仿真系统研究与开发中的关键技术和难题之一。本文围绕仿真系统VV＆A中的关键问题展开研究，包括仿真系统VV＆A概念体系、VV＆A过程模型及VV＆A标准／规范技术框架等，为复杂仿真系统VV＆A标准研究提供对策与参考。     

论市场营销中名人广告效果的制约因素

名人广告的效果受名人可信度的影响,名人可信度包括吸引力、专业性与可靠性3个要素,专业性与可靠性对名人广告的效果具有积极的影响,吸引力对广告效果的影响受名人与广告商品间关系的一致性制约,名人形象与商品形象一致性进一步说明了名人广告对消费者产生影响的具体过程,在名人广告中名人形象与商品形象的一致性是影响广告效果的决定性因素.     

论美国保险法合理期待原则的产生与新发展

合理期待原则是美国保险法为规范保险合同最新发展的原则,该原则针对的是保险合同订立中不利于投保人、被保险人的特点而提出,该原则最新的发展动向是法院在适用中与第二次《合同法重述》关于格式合同的适用例外规定相结合,为我国保护保险消费者提供了新的思路。     

PLC控制系统的可靠性研究

本文对PLC控制系统的可靠性降低的原因做了详细的分析,并针对性地对如何提高输入信号的可靠性、执行机构的可靠性以及故障报警和冗余设计等五个方面提出了解决的办法和思路。输入信号、执行机构和故障报警这三个方面的措施主要是针对PLC外部机构的失效进行规避。而冗余设计的引入,则对提高PLC自身的可靠性起到了关键的作用。     

地方政府官员微博在化解社会矛盾中的作用及实现

地方政府官员微博在化解社会矛盾中发挥了重要的作用,其有助于地方政府官员回应民众诉求;有利于化解因信息不通造成的社会恐慌;有助于拉近官民距离;有利于塑造政府形象;有利于降低突发事件的不良影响或者减少突发事件的发生,维护社会稳定。但是也有失误的教训,某些官员对微博认识不充分,微博形式大过内容,娱乐大过务实,部分官员对自身角色定位不准,缺少监督管理等,在涉及危机公关、化解社会矛盾等方面,微博没有发挥应有的作用。地方政府官员微博有效化解社会矛盾的途径是,微博定位要准确,克服形式主义,完善相关法律法规,规范言论自由,加强地方政府官员的媒介素养教育等。     

The Recent Advances in Plant Protection Researches of China

There are eight examples briefly given in this paper, namely, (1) Polymyxa graminis and the cereal viruses it transmits; (2) the geographical types and facultative migration of cotton bollworm as well as the safety of Bt transgenic cotton; (3) development of crop near-isogenic lines with resistance to diseases; (4) molecular-biological researches induced resistance of rice by infection of blast fungus;(5) to use cytological and molecular-biological techniques for breeding wheat varieties resistant to barley yellow dwarf virus; (6) mass rearing and field releasing of Microplitis mediator for cotton bollworm control; (7) identification and recombination of insecticidal crystal genes of Bacillus thuringiensis; and (8) interplanting of diverse resistance rice varieties for sustainable control of blast disease; which reflect the general situation of recent advances in plant protection researches of China.     

论信用危机及信用的重整与完善

信用水平的严重滑坡已构成经济与社会顺利发展的重大障碍,信用不良正在从根子上腐蚀着我们国家的经济、社会和国民,长此以往,后果不堪设想;强化信用观念的灌输与培育,建立完善的规则和信用管理体系,完善法规与健全监督制约机制是当前之要务。     

过氧化氢氧化苯酚制备苯二酚的研究进展

综述了生产邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的传统工艺，着重介绍了国内外以过氧化氢为氧化剂氧化苯酚生产苯二酚的技术和所用催化剂的研究进展.