石油烃分散液对马粪海胆浮游幼虫的急性毒性效应

为研究石油烃污染对海胆胚胎的急性毒性效应,采用胚胎发育毒性实验方法,分6个质量浓度组(1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0、16.0、32.0 mg/L)分别进行0#柴油和船用燃料油分散液对马粪海胆浮游幼虫发育的急性毒性实验.结果显示,两种油品分散液对胚胎发育至二腕幼虫和四腕幼虫阶段有明显的毒性作用.随着受试液质量浓度的增加,幼虫的体长变短,畸形率及死亡率显著增大.船用燃料油分散液48 h和72h的半数效应浓度(EC50)分别为4.57、2.71 mg/L;0#柴油分散液48 h和72 h的EC50分别为3.39、1.87 mg/L,故0#柴油的毒性大于船用燃料油.     

蒙新区漠甲亚科7种幼虫的记述(鞘翅目:拟步甲科)

首次记述了采自内蒙古、宁夏、陕西等地漠甲亚科3属7种幼虫小脊漠甲、宽腹东鳖甲、条纹东鳖甲、谢氏东鳖甲、磨光东鳖甲、弯胫东鳖甲、暗色圆鳖甲的形态特征，给出了其属种检索表和形态特征图．研究标本保存于宁夏大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室．     

温度对瓦氏黄颡鱼仔鱼发育的影响

瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)经人工授精获得受精卵并在24 5 ℃条件下孵化获得仔鱼, 观测了20 ℃,23 ℃,26 ℃和29 ℃仔鱼发育过程中的各项参数, 结果表明: 卵黄囊期历时分别为8 21,7 41,6 61,5 61 d; 饥饿半致死时间分别为13 01,11 01,10 01,9 01 d; 卵黄囊期仔鱼体质量的净增加量分别为2 74,3 00,4 66,3 02 mg;体长净增加量分别为3 92, 4 10, 5 20, 3 32 mm; 特殊体质量每天增长率分别为10 01%, 11 06%, 21 20%,14 05%; 特殊体长每天增长率分别为6 29%,7 22%,10 75%,7 32%. 体质量和卵黄囊体积呈显著的直线负相关关系(p<0 05).     

利用猪粪集约化生产蝇蛆的生态工程研究

利用蝇蛆对猪粪的能量、物质进行消化吸收，在集约化生产条件下获得生物肥及蝇蛆蛋白两个产品．结果表明，蝇蛆生物肥为咖啡色、无奥和疏松状，其肥效指标明显优于自然熟化的猪粪，氮含量显著优于干猪粪；蝇蛆干品的氨基酸总量、粗脂肪含量、粗纤维和灰分含量等指标均优于鱼粉．蝇蛆处理猪粪具有提高生产利润、净化生产环境等一系列经济效益、社会效益和生态效益，具有农业生态工程的特点．     

The prey consumption and prey preference of the larvae of the mosquitoCulex (Lutzia) raptor on the larvae ofCulex quinquefasciatus

The maximum consumption of the larvae of the pest and vector mosquitoCulex quinquefasciatus by the predatory mosquitoCulex (Lutzia) raptor was studied at various instars of both the predator and the prey. The prey preferences of the predator when given lavae of different instars were also investigated. The IVth instar of the predator consumed the maximum number of Ist instar and the maximum biomass of IVth instar larvae of the prey. Instars I and II of the predator preferred the Ist of the prey; instars III and IV of the predator preferred instars II and III of the prey respectively.The predator consumed an average of 157.1 larvae during its whole larval period, when each instar of the predator was given its preferred instar of the prey.     

光周期条件对罗氏沼虾幼体存活率及体长生长率的影响

用４Ｌ：２０Ｄ、８Ｌ；１６Ｄ；１２Ｌ；１２Ｄ和２４Ｌ：０Ｄ四种光周期条件培养罗氏沼虾骚状幼体，观察其存活率和生长、发育情况。研究结果表明，随着光照时间的延长，特别是在连续照明的条件下，与最短的光照条件相比，幼体的存活率及体长生长率分别提高１５７．７％和２．２％ｄ，而育成Ｐ１的时间却相应缩短了１０ｄ。     

唐鱼仔鱼对饥饿的应对策略研究

研究了延迟投喂对唐鱼(Tanichthys albonubes)仔鱼存活和生长的影响,探讨唐鱼仔鱼对饥饿的应对策略.结果显示,在水温26.0±1.0℃条件下,唐鱼仔鱼在孵出后的2.5~3 d开口摄食,5 d卵黄消耗完毕.18~25 d,延迟投喂0~3 d仔鱼的存活率在80.4%~93.3%间变动,各组间的差异不显著(p>0.05);延迟投喂4 d,仔鱼的存活率下降至50%;延迟投喂5 d,仔鱼的存活率极显著下降,只有30.0%左右.延迟投喂6 d以上,仔鱼的存活率为0,表明在本实验条件下唐鱼仔鱼的不可逆点(PNR)为孵出后的9 d.延迟投喂2 d开始,仔鱼的生长便受到不同程度的影响,延迟投喂3 d是仔鱼的生长低谷,延迟4~5 d,仔鱼反而得到不同程度的恢复.25 d内,延迟投喂5 d仔鱼恢复到与正常投喂组接近的生长水平.由此提出关于仔鱼应对饥饿对策的“存活与生长交易临界点”和“生存机遇期”两个观点,并对它们的生态学意义作了初步地探讨.     

A new species of the genus Aspidisca (Ciliophora,Hypotrichida)

The morphology and taxonomy of a new freshwater species of ciliate, Aspidisca jugensis, are described. Special reference is given to the infraciliature of the organism, the variability of 16 morphological characteristics and quantitative data regarding 29 other structural characteristics of this ciliate.     

The early larval instars of Lucilia sericata and Lucilia cuprina (Diptera,Calliphoridae): myiasis blowflies of Africa and Australia

Lucilia cuprina and Lucilia sericata are probably the two most important sheep myiasis flies in the southern hemisphere. This paper describes and illustrates structural features that enable reliable specific identification of the first and second instars of these species of be made.     

Attachment site selection of Hydrachna and Eylais (Acari: Hydrachnellae) watermite larvae infecting Corixidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

The sites of attachment of four larval watermite species were recorded from four corixid species in Lough Corrib, Ireland. Parasitic watermites exhibited preferences in respect of attachment sites on the corixid hosts and these patterns were consistent for all host species examined. Hydrachna cruenta utilized areas of the host which were in direct contact with the water, the distribution of larvae reflecting the general behaviour and microdistribution of the hosts. Hydrachna conjecta infected the ventral hemielytra with a significant asymmetrical distribution on the right hemielytron, resulting from the folding pattern of the hemielytra and the larval route of entry to the subhemielytral air space. Eylais species attached to the abdominal terga of the host, E. infundibulifera infecting the anterior two terga and E. discreta terga three and four. Cymatia bonsdorffi was not parasitized by E. infundibulifera and on this host the majority of E. discreta attached to the second abdominal tergite. Eylais species infecting small corixid hosts may avoid interference competition with H. conjecta by attaching to the left side of the abdomen. Attachment site selection may contribute towards alleviation of intraspecific and interspecific interference competition for larval growing space.