肌纤维母细胞瘤

目的:观察肌纤维母细胞瘤形态、组织化学及电镜特点。方法:对1例结肠系膜肌纤维母细胞瘤进行光镜、电镜观察及组织化学染色。结果:HE染色可见瘤细胞由大量成束的梭形细胞及少量星芒状细胞构成,伴淋巴细胞浸润;VG染色瘤组织呈红色和黄色的混合色;电镜可见胞浆内含肌丝及胶原原纤维。结论:肌纤维母细胞瘤兼具纤维母细胞及平滑肌细胞形态及功能特点,可能来源于间充质细胞,可以为良性病变,具有局部复发倾向。     

鳖鳃腺炎的组织病理学研究

用光镜和电镜技术研究鳖鳃腺炎的组织病理变化．观察表明：病变脏器普遍充血、淤血或出血，血细胞变性；肠上皮崩解脱落，微绒毛及胞器减少，AKP活性下降；肝细胞及肾近曲小管上皮细胞肿胀、颗粒变性或透明变性，局部细胞溶解，出现坏死病灶；肝糖原减少甚至消失；肾小球膨大，远曲小管和集合小管腔内充满嗜酸性物质；脾红髓扩大，多数细胞及核异形，严重者细胞破裂、解体；骨骼肌细胞肿胀、核固缩；多数病变细胞内的内质网和线粒体扩张变性．还讨论了该病的病变特征及性质等问题．     

南通沿海文蛤暴发性疾病的组织病理学研究

采用常规石腊切片法、以正常样品作对照,对2003年5月南通沿海发生暴发性疾病的文蛤不同组织进行了组织病理学观察。结果表明,患病文蛤各组织都发生了不同程度的病理变化,主要表现为:外套膜、鳃、消化管、足等上皮细胞肿胀、变性、破裂或脱落,结缔组织增生、变性或溶解,血淋巴细胞增多,肌纤维结构松散、断裂,组织中嗜碱性细胞增多;鳃组织发生坏死崩解;消化盲囊腺泡广泛受损,导管上皮及结缔组织发生溶解。文蛤的这些组织发生了严重病变,使其功能遭到破坏,是导致文蛤发病死亡的病理学基础。     

The mutator phenotype theory can explain the complex morphology and behaviour of cancers

Almost all solid malignancies exhibit complex cytological and architectural abnormalities, which vary from cell to cell and area to area within the same tumour, and between tumours of the same type. The degrees of these abnormalities do not correlate perfectly with the biological behaviour (especially growth rate and metastatic potential) among the various tumour types. These features of tumours have long been considered to invalidate simple mutational or 'abnormal gene expression' (epigenetic) theories of carcinogenesis. The 'mutator phenotype/clonal selection' hypothesis is based on the now well-established phenomenon of genetic instability of cancer cells, and proposes that this instability is an essential requirement for the development of tumours, and not an irrelevant side-effect of some other process. This paper argues that this hypothesis can provide a satisfactory explanation for the diverse histological and biological features of solid malignancies. Further, because virtually all solid tumours are histologically abnormal, genetic instability is likely to be essential for the malignant process. The concepts of mutator phenotype and clonal selection are therefore supported. Received 8 April 2002; accepted 25 April 2002     

锯缘青蟹一种球状病毒的分离和组织病理观察

从患病锯缘青蟹组织中分离出一种无囊膜球状病毒,直径50~60 nm.通过病理切片观察,病蟹肝胰腺、肌肉、心脏、肠和鳃等多处组织器官受到感染,该病毒分布在细胞浆中,呈晶格状排列,不形成包涵体;这种病毒会导致细胞瓦解,细胞核肿大变形,核质聚缩,核膜破损,肌丝断裂,线粒体坏死等症状.     

铜离子对中国大鲵幼体的胁迫效应

为研究铜离子暴露对中国大鲵的毒性效应,以中国大鲵幼体为研究对象,采用慢性染毒法,将大鲵幼体暴露于0mg/L、1.0mg/L、1.5mg/L和3.0mg/L的铜溶液中30d,观察铜离子胁迫下的大鲵幼体临床症。之后立即对大鲵幼体进行解剖并观察其皮肤、肝脏、胰脏和小肠组织的病理变化,同时采集大鲵幼体的皮肤、肝脏、胰脏和小肠,利用石蜡切片和HE染色对大鲵幼体的组织病理损伤进行观察。结果表明,随着铜离子浓度的增加,大鲵幼体异常行为与其体表黏液的分泌也越加频繁;铜离子胁迫会导致大鲵幼体膀胱显著膨大并充斥大量尿液;铜离子对大鲵幼体皮肤的真皮结构、肝脏和胰脏细胞会产生一定的病理损伤,但对大鲵幼体皮肤、肝脏、胰脏和小肠组织结构未造成毒害效应。本研究表明,铜离子胁迫30d后会对大鲵幼体产生一定的毒性效应,并且毒性程度与铜离子的浓度呈正相关关系。     

Occurrence, Development and Histochemical Characteristics of Lymphocystis in Cultured Japanese Flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus）

Occurrence and development of lymphocystis cells in flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, and some his-tochemical features are studied using light and electron microscopy and histochemical methods. Fibrob-lasts engulf virus particles forming phagocytosis vacuole in the cytoplasm. The infected cells proliferate and turn round and hypertrophied; basophilic inclusion bodies, Feulgen-positive, are present in the cyto-plasm, and a hyaline capsule, containing acid ploysaccharide and protein, appears outside cell mem-brane. The mature lymphocystis cells possess numerous virus particles (200～220nm in diameter with a central core 120～140nm) and high electron-dense inclusions with budding virious at the surface in the cytoplasm, and show margination of chromatin. Moderate electron density particles (70～80nm in diame-ter) fill out perinuclear cistema and arrange in crystalloid arrays in nucleus, liberated into the cytoplasm by rupture of nuclear membrane. No virus particles are observed in nucleus. Therefore, inclusion bodies are the sites of virus assembly and maturity, while replication processes of lymphocystis virus are involved in both nuclear and cytoplasmic phases. Besides, strongly basophilic link-like structures are present be-tween adjacent cells or through connective tissue, and virus particles are observed in somewhere of the capsule, thus where may be the spread route of virus from one cell to another or to the environment. The senile lymphocystis cells release virus bv the runture of cells.     

深Ⅱ度烫伤后小型猪皮肤愈合的组织病理学研究

目的 建立猪深Ⅱ度烫伤模型,观察皮肤在不同时间点修复的组织病理学变化。方法 通过使用恒温烫伤仪制备小型猪皮肤深Ⅱ度烫伤创面。分别在第1、3、7、14、21、28天观察皮肤创伤愈合的肉眼形态学变化并进行创面愈合率的测定,根据皮肤组织愈合的规律及实验的可操作性,选择性地在第1、14、28天取样,利用HE、Masson染色及免疫组化CD31染色的方法观察皮肤在不同时间点修复的动态病理学变化。结果 通过对创面愈合率的测定,雄性猪与雌性猪相比,雄性猪烫伤创面的愈合速率较快。烫伤后皮肤组织经不同染色方法证实损伤已累积到真皮深层,达到深Ⅱ度烫伤的标准。在随后选择的第14天和28天,损伤后皮肤组织分别进行了不同程度的组织修复。深Ⅱ度烫伤28 d后,小型猪皮肤已经基本愈合,但皮肤组织还未完全成熟。除表皮各层相对成熟外,真皮层内还未完全形成瘢痕组织。结论 雄性猪与雌性猪相比,雄性猪烫伤创面的愈合速率较快。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎的病理形态学观察

:剖检 2 0只鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病的病死鸡 ,分别取气管、肺脏、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏和肠管等器官 ,采用石蜡包埋切片法 ,H E染色法 ,在显微镜下进行了病理组织学观察。结果显示 :实质器官为渗出性炎症 ;上皮细胞肿胀、变性、坏死和血液循环障碍     

对虾白斑症病毒的初步研究

对虾白斑症病毒可通过人工投喂感染克氏螯虾,病和发展迅速,死亡率高。该病毒既可见在胞核中复制,也常见于胞质中装配。通过差速离心,蔗糖垫层离心或密度梯度离心后,再将分离物中细胞源核酸消化掉,可提取出较纯的病毒ＤＮＡ。