新疆主要棉花品种纤维品质变化及与气象因子关系的研究

选用不同纤维品质类型棉花品种，采用分期播种的方法，研究棉纤维品质变化及与气象因子的关系。结果表明：纤维各品质指标对各因子的反应不同，长度、整齐度和伸长率主要受品种遗传特性的影响，纤维比强度和马克隆值除受品种遗传特性影响外还明显受到气象因子的影响。就影响品质的气象因子而言，不同纤维性状主要受控因子是不同的，纤维长度和伸长率受铃期总日照时数影响较大；整齐度、比强度受铃期≥15℃活动积温影响较大；马克隆值主要受铃期最高温度的影响。     

The cytogenetics and fiber properties of an allohexaploid betweenGossypium hirsutum andG. somalense

Cytogenetics and fiber properties were studied on the Gossypium hirsutum×G. somalense F₂ hybrid and later generations. The cytological analyses of pollen mother cells (PMCs) were made at meiotic metaphase Ⅰ. The results indicated that the hybrid was a new allohexaploid, its chromosome number determined as 2n=6x=78, and genome group as 2[(AD)₁E₂]. Chromosomal configurations of the hexaploid averaged 0.15Ⅰ+ 38.72Ⅱ+ 0.11Ⅲ + 0.02Ⅳ per cell, 85.09% PMCs having 39 bivalents, and only 11.84% PMCs having 1 to 2 multivalents, indicating that heterogenetic recombinations of chromosomes occurs between (AD)₁ and E₂, nevertheless, the frequency is lower. The hexaploids are self-fertile and the progenies remain the hexaploids, whose fibers are light brown and have higher strength by measurement of HVI 900 system. The fiber strength increases 42% than that of upland cotton variety. Therefore, it is possible for the hexaploid to be an important germplasm resource to improve fiber strength of cotton.     

陆地棉花粉成熟过程中特异性蛋自及单花粉电泳研究

本文对不同发育时期的花粉剥出后进行蛋白电泳，结果表明，不同发育时期的花粉其蛋白、过氧化物同工酶和酯酸都有差异，花粉在成熟过程中，伴随着过氧化物酶活性的消失和种类的减少；在花粉进行第一次细胞分裂形成营养细胞和生殖细胞之前，新的蛋白带和酯酶带的出现，尤其是近十种蛋白的大量合成提示这些蛋白在花粉成熟和以后的受精过程中可能有重要作用。对其成熟的花粉进行单花粉电泳表明，没有等位基因的分离现象，只是有约２％的花粉出现新的蛋白带，其原因有待进一步研究。     

Identification of genes associated with cotyledon senescence in upland cotton

Leaf senescence in plants is an essential develop- mental phase, and an understanding of senescence is important not only for pure scientific reasons, but also for practical purposes. During the last decade, a number of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) …     

棉花GhGAI1基因克隆及其功能的初步分析

DELLA蛋白是赤霉素信号通路中重要的蛋白质作用因子,负调节植物体中赤霉素的水平,同时受到生长素、脱落酸和乙烯的共同调节。根据已知的生物信息数据,本研究克隆了棉花GhGAl1基因,序列分析表明它编码DELLA蛋白。构建GFP与GhGAl1融合蛋白重组质粒,利用根癌农杆菌介导的花浸泡转基因方法转化拟南芥columbia生态型植株,进行过量表达实验。结果表明,GFP—GhGAl1融合蛋白定位于细胞核并且在施加赤霉素后迅速降解,表明该基因编码蛋白参与赤霉素信号通路。     

Fine mapping of the red plant gene R_1 in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Sub 16 is a substitution line with G. hirsutum cv. TM-1 genetic background except that the 16th chro-mosome (Chr. 16) is replaced by the corresponding homozygous chromosome of G. barbadense cv. 3-79, and T586 is a G. hirsutum multiple gene marker line with 8 dominant mutation genes. The R1 gene for anthocyanin pigmentation was tagged in Chr. 16 in T586. The objective of this research was to screen SSR markers tightly linked with R1 by using the F2 segregating population containing 1259 plants derived from t...     

组织化学方法定位陆地棉色素腺体中的多酚羟基萘醌类化合物

运用组织化学方法探测陆地棉( Gossypium hirsutum L.)色素腺体内所含的主要次生代谢物质,Fast Blue BB验证了色素腺体内含有大量的多酚类物质,FeCI3检测证实色素腺体不仅是萘醌类物质的积累场所也是产生场所,醋酸铅检测证实萘醌类物质在色素腺体的分泌细胞内产生、在色素腺体的腔内积累.其中,醋酸...     

花粉管通道法转柱头外露棉DNA及转化体RAPD分析

提取“异9-3”柱头外露棉总基因组DNA，通过花粉管通道法经微量注射导入抗虫棉707．1的胚囊内，D1代田间筛选到柱头外露的转化植株，遗传分析结果表明转化株柱头外露性状由一对隐性基因控制，50个随机引物进行PCR扩增，33个引物扩增出的DNA在供体、受体和转化体之间呈现出多态性，其中引物S462(TCG GCA CGC A)在供体和转化体之间出现相同产物而受体没有出现扩增产物，该引物有可能作为柱头外露系的分子标记．RAPD分析结果表明转化体与受体有较多相同基因位点，而与供体相同基因位点较少，转化体还有供体和受体都不具有的基因位点，这可能是外源DNA导入时引起碱基突变所致。     

陆地棉LTR反转录转座子的数量分布与功能分析

LTR(Long terminal repeat)反转录转座子是真核生物基因组中普遍存在的一类遗传因子,它们以RNA为媒介在基因组中不断自我复制.在高等植物中,LTR反转录转座子是基因组的重要成分之一.本研究通过多种方法挖掘并注释了陆地棉基因组中的LTR反转录转座子,结果表明陆地棉基因组LTR反转录转座子的Gypsy超家族与基因的分布呈近似的反比关系,而Copia超家族在各染色体的起始端有较多的分布.通过皮尔森相关系数发现陆地棉LTR反转录转座子的拷贝数与染色体大小之间有强相关性.在LTR反转录转座子上游和下游分布的基因具有类似的富集特征,其分子功能主要集中在结合和催化活性等方面.本研究结果加深了对陆地棉LTR反转录转座子的认识,为深入研究棉花基因组提供了重要数据支撑.     

Breeding,introgression and inheritance of delayed gland morphogenesis trait from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gosspium bickii</Emphasis> into upland cotton germplasm

Cotton is a valuable economic crop. The cottonseedafter ginning is made up of fuzz, kernel and hull, amongwhich kernel constitutes about 50% to the seed weight.Cottonseed kernel of G. hirsutum contains about 40% ofprotein and more than 35% of cottonseed oil, which obvi-ously is a potential rich source of high quality protein andedible oil supplement[1,2]. However, the utilization of cot-tonseed is limited by the presence of gossypol and its de-rivatives in seeds of ordinary glanded cotton cult…