取食天然饲料与人工饲料的大蜡螟Galleria mellonella的生长发育差异比较

在温度为35±1℃、相对湿度为65±5％及全黑暗的条件下,对取食天然饲料和人工饲料的大蜡螟Galleria mellonella(L.)的生长发育进行了观察。在天然饲料中,以中蜂巢脾为食的大蜡螟生长发育最好,意蜂巢脾次之,蜂蜡不能很好地使大蜡螟完成发育。试验采用来源广泛且价格低廉的麸糠、面粉和玉米粉为主要原料配制成人工饲料供大蜡螟取食,与供食中蜂巢脾的大蜡螟比较,蛹重、成虫寿命、产卵量均无显著差异,但幼虫历期明显缩短6.8天。     

大豆膳食纤维对成年大鼠腹腔脂肪积累及血脂和血糖水平的影响

运用药理生理学方法，观察了大豆膳食纤维对高血脂成年ＳＤ大鼠的体重增长、腹腔脂肪的积累、血清胆固醇和血糖水平的影响。与对照组比较，在实验的第１４天，高膳食纤维实验组体重增长率为对照组的－２２．７８％，腹腔脂肪重量变化率为－５９．５７％，血清甘油三酯水平变化率为－３０．１１％，血清胆固醇水平变化率为１４．２４％，血糖水平变化率为１０．３９％。结果表明，大豆膳食纤维对控制成年大鼠的体重增长，减少腹腔脂肪的积累，降低高胆固醇和高脂肪摄入后血清甘油三酯和胆固醇含量，以及降低血糖水平具有明显的作用。     

A practical artificial diet for the diamondback moth

A new artificial diet for the diamondback moth,Plutella Xylostella (L), had been selected out successfully. The diet contained the following constituents: soybean powder, wheat germ, wheat bran powder, brewer's yeast and other constituents. So far, the diamondback moth had been reared on this artificial diet for 25 generations and still mantained its normal biological characteristics. Under 25±1 C and 60%–75%RH with 12 h PH, the results of rearing the diamondback moth on the diet as follows: egg hatch, 81.3%–94.7%; survival from eggs to pupae, 55.0%–76.7%; pupal survival, 79.7%–100%; adult emergence, 80%–100%; fecundity 94.7–144. 4 eggs/♀; pupal weight, 90.4–110.8 mg/20 pupae; average days to adult: ♀, 10.2; ♂ 13.1. The diet is not only simpler on the constituents but also have better rearing results and more rearing generations. Li Guanghong: born in June 1965, Ph.D. graduate student. Current research interest is in entomo logical physiology Supported by the State Eighth Five-Year-Plan     

宋代饮食文化初探

宋代是我国一个特殊的历史时期，其经济发达，市场繁荣，中国传统饮食文化也得到了很大发展。今天，我们应就宋代宫廷御膳、宴会、节日饮食文化等进行探讨，挖掘沉淀在宋代历史长河中的宝贵饮食文化财富，以达到抛砖引玉，推陈出新，创造更好的美味佳品，弘扬和发展中国饮食文化之目的，更好地为繁荣社会经济和满足人们日益增长的物质、文化需求服务。     

高海拔地区运动员膳食营养现状及对策

将营养与训练有机地结合起来，能够提高运动员的竞技能力，加速机体疲劳的消除，促进运动成绩的提高。本文通过调查部分高海拔地区运动员的膳食营养状况，对他们的营养摄人量是否满足运动消耗的需要以及如何改善高海拔训练中运动员的膳食营养现状进行了探讨。     

科学饮食 营造健康生活

饮食是人类生存的根本,是生命的源泉。伴随着人民生活水平的提高和对餐饮业需求的增长,饮食健康成了一道靓丽的风景。饮食文化、合理膳食、科学烹调和饮食习惯引起了人们广泛关注。     

稻纵卷叶螟人工饲料的研究

 以稻纵卷叶螟为研究对象,按不同配方配制了6种人工饲料分别用来饲养稻纵卷叶螟,以筛选出适合饲养稻纵卷叶螟的人工饲料。结果表明,在温度为24~26 ℃,相对湿度大于80%,光照条件大于14 h的条件下,其中饲料D、E、F饲养稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫只能完成二龄发育,少数幼虫存活到三龄或三龄以上;饲料C饲养稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫也只能完成三龄发育;而饲料A和B饲养的稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫能完成整个世代发育,存活率分别为26.17%和36.40%,接近对照组新鲜水稻叶饲养的存活率36.67%,且蛹质量和新鲜水稻叶饲养的幼虫没有显著差异,但与对照相比,幼虫历期延长4~6 d、化蛹率下降8%~9%、羽化率下降11%~12%。     

Feeding ecology of the common sun skink,Eutropis multifasciata (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae), in the plains of central Vietnam

We studied the feeding ecology of Eutropis multifasciata in the tropical plains of central Vietnam to understand better the foraging mode, spatiotemporal and sexual variation in dietary composition, and rarefaction curves of prey-taxon richness for males and females. Stomach contents (n = 161) were collected from October 2013 to May 2014 using a nonlethal stomach-flushing technique. A total of 680 food items (624 animal items and 56 plant items) was found in 161 stomachs of skinks, representing 19 unique animal categories. We found that the diet of E. multifasciata is composed mainly of small, sedentary and clumped prey and that this skink specialises on spiders, insect larvae, snails, grasshoppers and crickets (with a combined importance index of 60%). Dietary composition, prey size and total prey volume in E. multifasciata changed between dry and rainy seasons and among regions. The total volume of food items consumed by males was larger than that of females, and the diversity and evenness index of prey categories were larger in males than in females. However, using rarefaction curves revealed that females have the higher prey-taxon richness after points between 130 and 140 prey items for frequency, and between 160 and 170 prey items for number of items, and the differences were not statistically significant. The foraging behaviour of E. multifasciata best fits a ‘widely foraging’ model.     

陇南小城镇私立学校6-9岁学生膳食模式研究

通过对陇南市私立学校的学生营养状况进行调查，并经过对研究结果的分析，得出结论：在甘肃省陇南市，6-9岁儿童膳食结构比较合理，但是离平衡膳食有一定差距，也存在一定的问题。需要在增加粮谷类（粗粮）、蔬菜、豆类、水产品、动物内脏的供应，相应减少动物脂肪的供应；加强营养指导，提倡健康生活方式，优化现有饮食结构等方面高度重视。     

Microhabitat use and feeding habits of Crossodactylus bokermanni Caramaschi and Sazima, 1985 (Anura,Hylodidae) at a site in south‐eastern Brazil

We studied a population of Crossodactylus bokermanni in a stream at the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural, Santuário do Caraça, south‐eastern Brazil, with respect to microhabitat use and diet. We characterized microhabitats based on substrate, distance to water and exposure level of the occupying individual (exposed or sheltered), and adjacent aquatic microhabitats (evaluated as potential nesting sites based on observed nests), according to water current (absent, slow or fast), substrate and depth. Calling males, silent males, ovigerous females, non‐ovigerous females and juveniles showed spatial niche overlap higher than that expected by chance, with calling males showing the strongest preference for microhabitats close to potential nesting sites (with intermediate depths, fast current and sandy bottom). Only 14 males out of 48 individuals examined for stomach contents had prey in their stomachs. The food items with the highest electivity values were Coleoptera and Diptera, but preys with both high and low mobility were exploited.