秦岭地区两栖爬行动物区系组成特点及持续发展对策

对秦岭地区内１１个县的两栖爬行动物进行了调查研究。该区共有两栖爬行动物６０种（亚种）,占陕西省总种数的７５．０％。其中两栖动物１９种,隶２目７科１２属;爬行动物４１种,分隶２目８科２６属。该区两栖爬行动物区系组成以东洋界华中区或华中－华南区共有种类为主,也有一定数量的广布种和古北界华北区种类,还有少量东洋界西南区种类,并就秦岭地区的两栖爬行动物资源现状提出了５项可持续发展对策。     

Year-round activity patterns in a hyperdiverse community of rainforest amphibians in Madagascar

Madagascar hosts a high diversity of amphibians estimated at over 500 species, nearly all of them endemic. Surprisingly few data are available on the activity cycles of this fauna, despite its importance for ecological, evolutionary and conservation research. Here we report the results of a year-round survey of amphibians along a transect bordering the Analamazaotra forest near Andasibe in central eastern Madagascar. During 120 transect walks evenly spaced through the year, a total of 2530 individuals of 40 species of anurans was observed. Abundance was higher during the warm/rainy season (December to April) and peaked in February. Of the five climatic predictors measured, only mean temperature and relative humidity showed high importance values, and multi-model averages indicate that these two variables have a strong effect on amphibian abundance along the transect. Species richness showed no evident peak during the study period and was best explained by a model including average temperature and rainfall. Canonical correspondence analysis indicates that Boophis sibilans, B. tephraeomystax, B. boehmei and Plethodontohyla notosticta were more frequently encountered along the transect on cold and humid days while Plethodontohyla mihanika, Gephyromantis boulengeri and Spinomantis aglavei were distinctly more abundant on cold and dry days, and Paradoxophyla palmata on warm and dry days. The results of our study flag a number of species as suitable candidates for future monitoring initiatives and suggest that a simple combination of visual and acoustic surveys can estimate amphibian activity with high sample sizes in Madagascar’s rainforests.     

中国大鲵的周围神经系统

本文报道了中国大鲵周围神经的起始、经行和分布。其特点为:NⅡ、NⅢ、NⅣ、NⅥ非常纤细,眼球很小,而NⅠ粗大,侧线神经仍存在。前、后肢的神经在经行和支配上彼此对应。文中还结合大鲵的生态、行为等,讨论了中国大鲵神经系统在两栖类中的原始性。     

Abnormalities of meioses in male reciprocal hybrids between the Hiroshima and Ichinoseki populations ofRana japonica

In order to elucidate cytogenetically the cause of male sterility in intraspecific hybrids ofRana japonica, the behavior of chromosomes in the first meiosis was observed in spermatocytes from male reciprocal hybrids between two populations from Hiroshima and Ichinoseki. In the parental Hiroshima and Ichioseki populations, 2530 (96.7%) meiotic spreads had 13 bivalents and 78 (3.0%) contained 12 bivalents and two univalents, whereas in reciprocal hybrids only 337 (7.0%) contained 13 bivalents and the other 4445 (93.0%) had 2–26 univalents. A total of 31647 (93.4%) bivalents was ring-shaped and the other 2234 (6.6%) were rod-shaped in both parental populations, whereas in reciprocal hybrids 26352 (57.1%) and 19819 (42.9%) bivalents were ring- and rod-shaped, respectively. These results show that meiotic chromosomes of reciprocal hybrids are characterized by a remarkable increase in univalents and rod-shaped bivalents.     

华北地区无尾两栖类的复殖吸虫(吸虫纲:复殖目)

调查华北地区无尾两栖类复殖吸虫，获６ 科１１ 种，其中包括一个新种和两个宿主新记录．脐宫科的华北长囊吸虫，新种Ｄｏｌｉｃｈｏｓａｃｃｕｓ ｈｕａｂｅｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．枝腺科２ 种，其中中华斜生吸虫Ｌｏｘｏｇｅｎｅｓ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（ＬｉｅｔＧｕ，１９７８） Ｗａｎｇ， １９８０，寄生于金线蛙，为宿主新记录．蛇颈科的罕见蛇颈吸虫Ｇｏｒｇｏｄｅｒａ （Ｅｘｔｒｅｍ ｏｄｅｒａ）ｕｎｅｘｐｅｃｔａ ，也寄生于金线蛙，为宿主新记录，并首次见于输卵管部位．此外尚有重盘科吸虫３ 种，拟巨颈科１ 种和舐血科１ 种     

北京松山自然保护区两栖爬行动物调查报告

1987～1989年对北京松山自然保护区的两栖、爬行动物进行了调查。共有17种,其中北滑蜥和双斑锦蛇是北京地区的新记录。     

四川两栖类地理分异的研究

采用信息分析法(information-analysis)对四川省39个县(市)的90种两栖动物的分布资料进行处理,划出4个动物地理省和7个动物地理州.对这些动物地理区的区系作了分析后,认为川西北半干旱高原两栖动物省属古北界,其余3省属东洋界;川西山区及其邻区特有种远比本省其他地区丰富.     

A new nurse frog from Southwestern Amazonian highlands,with notes on the phylogenetic affinities of Allobates alessandroi (Aromobatidae)

ABSTRACT

Few studies have focused on the diverse fauna of southwestern Brazilian Amazonia. This region, spared from large-scale human occupation until the second half of the twentieth century, has been threatened by expanding agriculture, logging, and mining. Here, we describe a new nurse frog (Allobates, Aromobatidae) from the open highland habitats of Serra dos Pacaás Novos, one of the few large remnants of relatively intact native vegetation in the Brazilian state of Rondônia. The new species is diagnosed by its metallic orange dorsal colouration, weakly expanded discs on hands, and presence of two subarticular tubercles on Finger IV. A phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequence data recovered the new species as more closely related to nurse frogs from the Madeira and Tapajós River basins; this pattern may reflect a history of dispersal uphill from a lowland ancestor. Our results also indicate that the generic assignment of Allobates alessandroi (Grant and Rodriguez, 2001), a high-elevation species from the Andes of Peru, needs to be reassessed; we discuss the phylogenetic affinities of this species based on morphological attributes.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:79131D82-B1B6-455D-AD9A-676D7E0783BC     

中国11种有尾两栖动物生存状况的统计评估

依据有尾两栖动物的年繁殖次数、产卵量、栖息地等自然生存特点和分布区域以及地理隔离等生物特征设定10个因子,将每个因子划分4个等级,该因子的等级越低对动物生存影响越小,等级越高对动物生存的影响越大.对中国常见的11种有尾两栖动物10个因子的统计结果表明,其平均值从1.2到1.9不等,73%的物种平均值都大于1.5.说明中国大多数有尾两栖类动物都面临着生存威胁,属于渐危物种.建议通过建立自然保护区等措施加强保护.