南京椴群体遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

【目的】 南京椴(Tilia miqueliana)为江苏省重要的乡土树种,野外资源稀缺。南京椴野外群体遗传多样性和遗传结构的探索,可为资源保护、品种选育及遗传改良提供依据。【方法】 以南京椴5个天然群体[江苏宝华山(P1)、牛首山(P2)、安徽皇藏峪(P3)、安徽蜀山(P4)和浙江天台山(P5)]93个体为实验材料,选用15对多态性EST-SSR引物,进行遗传多样性及群体遗传结构分析。【结果】 ①用15对引物共检测等位基因数(A)总和为96,平均值为6.4,四倍体基因型(G)和四倍体特异基因型(G_i)总和分别为441和251,特异基因型比率(R₁)和种质鉴别率(R₂)均值分别为45.73%和17.99%。②在5个群体中,每个位点等位基因数(A_loc)和四倍体基因型丰富度均值(G_loc)分别为5.50±2.43和9.41±4.29;平均观测杂合度(H_o)和平均期望杂合度(H_e)为0.61±1.43和0.62±0.14。参考各群体G_loc和H_e值,确定遗传多样性较高的群体为P1和P3。③群体间遗传分化较小,遗传分化系数(G_st)仅为0.030;AMOVA分子变异分析显示,群体多样性水平变异来自于群体内(96%)。④聚类和遗传结构Structure分析显示,5个群体可划分为2组(组1包括P1、P2和P5;组2包括P3和P4)。Mental检验结果表明遗传距离与地理距离之间无显著相关。【结论】 南京椴群体均具有丰富的遗传多样性,其中宝华山群体和皇藏峪群体多样性较高,群体扩张可能是以这两个种群为中心,经人类活动迁移至其他区域。但南京椴群体间未形成明显分化,主要是由于植株寿命长,群体缺乏自然更新,加之群体间存在人为种子传播。因此,本研究提出通过建立隔离区,明确优先保护群体、加大植株异交,并采用人工繁育及种质回迁的方式保护南京椴野外群体。     

基于荧光SSR标记的紫薇遗传多样性分析

【目的】以收集的239份紫薇属(Lagerstroemia)种质和1份黄薇属(Heimia)种质为材料,开展种质种间特征分析和紫薇种内资源的遗传多样性分析,为进一步优化紫薇种质资源收集保存及合理利用提供科学依据。【方法】基于16对荧光引物鉴定样品基因型,利用GeneMarker软件进行基因型数据的读取;对239份紫薇属种质和1份黄薇属种质进行特征位点分析;并利用Popgene、Cervus、NTSYS和GenAlEx软件对227份紫薇种质进行遗传多样性参数估算、聚类分析和主成分分析。【结果】紫薇(L.indica)种内的特征位点信息最为丰富,其中15个引物所体现出的特征位点信息中,紫薇都有其独特的位点区别于其他6个种,而在福建紫薇(L.limii)、川黔紫薇(L.excelsa)和尾叶紫薇(L.caudata)中也有部分特异的特征位点是紫薇中没有的;16对紫薇SSR荧光引物共检测出143个等位基因,平均每个位点有8.938个等位基因,平均有效等位基因数(N_e)为3.600,Shannon’s信息指数(I)均值为1.459,观测杂合度(H_o)均...     

抑制轴系扭振的改进型电力系统稳定器

提出了抑制轴系扭振的改进型电力系统稳定器的设计原则——分离模态设计原则，并将其应用于一典型次同步谐振（ＳＳＲ）问题，以改进经典的电力系统稳定器（ＰＳＳ）．特征根分析和大干扰下的非线性仿真结果表明，改进后的ＰＳＳ不但能很好地抑制系统的低频振荡，而且能有效地抑制轴系扭振．     

Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a presenescing leaf gene psll in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

A rice psl1 （presenescing leaf） mutant was obtained from a japonica variety Zhonghua 11 via radiation of ^60Co-γ in M2 generation. Every leaf of the mutant began to wither after it reached the biggest length, while the leaves of the wild variety could keep green for 25--35 d. In this study, genetic analysis and gene mapping were carried out for the mutant identified. The SSR marker analysis showed that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene （psl1） located on chromosome 2. Fine mapping of the psl1 locus was conducted with 34 new STS markers developed around psl1 anchored region based on the sequence diversity between Nipponbare and 93-11. The psl1 was further mapped between two STS markers, STS2-19 and STS2-26, with genetic distances of 0.43 and 0.11 cM, respectively, while cosegregated with STS2-25. A BAC contig was found to span the psl1 locus, the region being delimited to 48 kb. This result was very useful for cloning of the psl1 gene.     

Analysis of simple sequence repeats markers derived from Phytophthora sojae expressed sequence tags

Five thousand and eight hundred publicly available expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of Phytophthora sojae were electronically searched and 415 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in 369 ESTs. The average density of SSRs was one SSR per 8.9 kb of EST sequence screened. The most frequent repeats were trinucleotide repeats (50.1%) and the least frequent were tetranucleotide repeats (8.2%). Forty primer pairs were designed and tested on 5 strains of P. sojae. Thirty-three primer pairs had successful PCR amplifications. Of the 33 functional primer pairs, 28 primer pairs produced characteristic SSR bands of the expected size, and 15 primer pairs (45.5%) detected polymorphism among 5 tested strains of P. sojae. Based on the polymorphisms detected with 20 EST-SSR markers, the 5 tested strains of P. sojae were clustered into 3 groups. In this study, the SSR markers of P. sojae were developed for the first time. These markers could be useful for identification, genetic variation study, and molecular mapping of P. sojae and its relative species.     

硫酸二甲酯对毛泡桐丛枝病幼苗植原体及SSR扩增位点的影响

通过形态观察、巢式PCR和SSR分析,研究了不同浓度硫酸二甲酯(DMS)处理对毛泡桐丛枝病幼苗植原体及泡桐DNA的SSR扩增位点变化的影响。结果表明:质量浓度为15 mg/L的硫酸二甲酯处理5 h或质量浓度大于25 mg/L的硫酸二甲酯处理3 h以上仍成活的幼苗其形态上可转变为健康幼苗,但15 mg/L硫酸二甲酯处理5 h时形态健康的幼苗仍有丛枝病植原体的存在,而其余浓度处理后存活的幼苗内则检测不到植原体;质量浓度大于150 mg/L的硫酸二甲酯处理3 h以上的幼苗全部死亡。此外,毛泡桐丛枝病幼苗、健康幼苗和DMS处理后形态健康幼苗DNA的SSR扩增位点相同。     

中国籼稻亚种内的群体结构及地理生态分化

籼稻是亚洲和世界其他一些地区广为种植的主要栽培稻亚种,同时也是我国杂交水稻恢复系的主要来源.研究籼稻亚种内的遗传结构和遗传多样性对中国栽培稻亚种内的分类和演化以及水稻杂种优势利用具有重要的理论和实践意义.本研究通过36个SSR标记对1582份籼稻地方品种的群体结构和地理生态分化进行了分析.结果表明,利用分子标记所做基于模型和基于遗传距离的群体结构表现一致,即早籼稻生态型可划分为4个地理生态群,中间型生态型可划分为3个地理生态群,晚籼稻生态型可划分为2个地理生态群.当地的生态环境和空间隔离是形成地理分化的主要原因.地理生态群既体现了品种间的遗传差异又是对不同生态环境适应的反映,可用于籼稻亚种内杂种优势群划分的依据.根据SSR标记在各个生态型及地理生态群的基因型分布,筛选了可用于鉴别各生态型和地理生态群的SSR特征等位变异并建立了相应的SSR分子判别式.通过SSR分子判别式选择籼稻的中间类型开展籼粳杂种优势研究以及选择不同地理生态类型开展籼稻亚种内杂种优势研究,有助于突破籼粳杂种优势利用的障碍和加强籼稻亚种内杂种优势利用.     

Construction of a genetic map and localization of QTLs for yield traits in tomato by SSR markers

Using an F2 population derived from the hybrid of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘XF 98-7’× Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium LA2184, a SSR genetic linkage map of tomato is constructed. The map contains 112 markers and spans 808.4 cM with an average distance of 7.22 cM between loci. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for first flower node on chromosomes 5 and 11, two QTLs for number of flowers per truss on chromosomes 2 and 5, and five QTLs for fruit weight on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 9 and 12 are identified.     

Construction of an electronic physical map of Magnaporthe oryzae using genomic position-ready SSR markers

Magnaporthe oryzae is a model for plant pathogenic filamentous fungi. We have assembled a simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based physical map of the species, using in silico sequence data. A set of 120 SSR markers was developed from the genomic sequence of the reference isolate 70-15. These markers were readily amplified from the genomic DNA of other isolates, and high levels of allelic variation characterised the parental isolates of the two crosses tested. All the markers were locatable to one of the seven M. oryzae chromosomes. An SSR-based physical in silico map was constructed, and pre-existing SSR and RFLP loci were integrated into the map, along with 23 Avr (avirulence) genes and two other genes of importance to the plant/pathogen interaction. This map provides a platform for population genetics and functional genomics studies in the model pathogen, and even in other evolu- tionally related pathogens.     

小麦SSR标记的应用

SSR技术是建立在PCR技术上的新型分子标记,同其他分子标记相比,具有多态性高,重复性好、探作简单、结果稳定等特点.本文阐述了小麦SSR标记的技术路线,概括介绍了SSR标记在小麦中的应用.