The roots of the silver tree: Boyle,alchemy, and teleology

Though Robert Boyle called final causes one of the most important subjects for a natural philosopher to study, his own treatise on the subject, the Disquisition about Final Causes, has received comparatively little scholarly attention. In this paper, I explicate Boyle's complex argument against the use of teleological explanations for inanimate bodies, such as metals. The central object of this argument is a mysterious allusion to a silver plant. I claim that the silver plant is best understood as a reference to alchemical product: the Arbor Dianae, an offshoot of George Starkey's recipe for the Philosophers' Stone. Then, I show how the context of alchemy not only clarifies Boyle's argument but also places it within a wider dialectic about matter and teleology. I then contrast the parallel arguments of Boyle and John Ray on the question of whether metals have divine purposes and show that the difference is explained by Boyle's belief in the transmutation of metals.     

无私利性规范的内涵、合理性和适用范围

本文对默顿的“无私利性”规范做新的解读，力图消除翻译上和理解上的错误；归纳了批评“无私利性”规范合理性的四种类型，并针对性地提出反批评和辩护；界定了“无私利性”规范的适用范围。     

浅析罗伯特·弗罗斯特抒情诗歌的风格

罗伯特.弗罗斯特的抒情诗歌大量地是以乡村生活和风俗人情为背景,在诗歌写作中融入了个人的情感和观点的表达。这种在描写乡村生活和风俗人情的诗歌中暗示和表达自己观点的诗歌写作成为了弗罗斯特诗歌写作的一大特点和风格。本文仅以其短诗给予浅显的分析。     

罗伯特·弗罗斯特的自传主题诗评析

20世纪的英美文学世界充溢着现代主义,然而罗伯特.弗罗斯特仍以田园风光作为背景,以自己的生活经历作为诗歌创作的主题,保持传统的诗歌创作形式,并获得了巨大的成功。从弗罗斯特的两首名诗——《家葬》、《未选择之路》可探索其自传主题诗,发掘其诗歌创作的生活原型。     

一幅优美的画、一首耐人寻味的歌 --读《雪夜林边驻马》

罗伯特.弗罗斯特的《雪夜林边驻马》是一首倍受人们喜爱的诗歌,诗人在诗中给我们展示了一幅迷人的画。这首诗语言平易,貌似简单,意境却耐人寻味且极具乐感。     

A Poem of Exotic Tragic Beauty ——Appreciation of The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost

The Road Not Taken is one of the best known poems by Robert Frost.Simple and beautiful in form,it is profound in meaning.It reflects the tragedy of human beings as a whole and also the personal tragedy of the poet himself,and as a consequence,it is tinted with an exotic sense of tragic beauty.     

用归纳法证明基尔霍夫方程组解的存在与唯一性

用数学归纳法证明基尔霍夫方程的个数等于未知电流的个数,方程组的独立性,相容性,从而得出方程组解的存在与唯一性。     

马尾松种源耐寒性的地理变异

对在南京地区的马尾松49个种源试验9年生林分遭受-15℃低温后的冻害调查结果表明,不同种源间耐寒性(冻害)变异极显著。种源冻害表现出从西南向东北逐步减轻;同纬度自西向东明显减轻的倾群地理变异模式。影响冻害的地理、气候因子主要有经度(负相关)、一月均温(正相关)和海拔高度(负相关)。冻害程度与高、径生长呈正相关,与冠幅、开花指数呈负相关。通过典范相关分析和聚类分析,将49个种源按冻害地理变异分成3个类群。     

弗罗斯特诗之浅见

通过分析弗罗斯特的两首名作，《摘罢苹果》和《雪夜林边驻马》，逐渐揭开它们迷人面纱之下潜藏的低调的悲哀，分析现代人的生活状态和他们面对人生的不尽如人意时所能选择的人生道路。