Eicosapentaenoic acid in tissue lipids ofPieris brassicae

Summary Larvae of the cabbage white butterfly,Pieris brassicae, have a dietary requirement for linolenic acid (C183n3) and were found to accumulate two other members of the n-3 family, C203n3 and C205n3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) especially in testicular phospholipids. Arachidonic acid was observed in trace amounts only. During diapause the relative titer of eicosapentaenoic acid increased in testicular phospholipids to about 4.2% of the fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic acid is a possible precursor of prostaglandins, suggesting that prostaglandins of the 3-series predominate in this insect.     

ABAMECTIN与Bt制剂复配的杀虫增效作用

以菜青虫为试虫测定abamectin与Bt8010复配的毒力。结果表明abamectin—Bt8010的5种不同配比均有不同程度的增效作用,其中以5000IUBt8010+0.1％abamectin的增效作用最为显著,其共毒系数为289.4.室内药效测定结果,用该配比制成的可湿性粉剂对花椰菜、白菜、番茄、豌豆、蚕豆、茶树、柑桔、马尾松8种植物上分属鳞翅目、同翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目和蜱螨目的23种害虫有较好的杀灭效果。混配制剂对鳞翅目幼虫仅能提高用药24h后的杀灭率,并不能提高24h内的杀灭速度。     

瑞香狼毒粗提取物杀虫活性研究

为了探讨瑞香狼毒（Stellera chamaejasme）在植物源农药方面的应用,研究采用2．50k的瑞香狼毒根粉,95％乙醇总提取液浓缩至500mL,定为原液,按不同浓度稀释后,室内叶碟法杀灭菜粉蝶（Pieris rapae）4龄菜青虫试验结果显示：浓度为160mol／L时,4龄幼虫表现为高度的拒食现象．浓度为80...     

瑞香亭等化合物对昆虫的生物活性测定

采用叶碟法，用瑞香亭（daphnoritin)、伞形花内酯（7-hydro-coumarin)和狼毒色原酮（cha-mechromone)3种化合物对菜粉蝶（Pieris rapaeL.)5龄幼虫处理1d和2d后的拒食作用和7d后死亡率进行了测定。结果表明：瑞香亭，伞形花内酯和狼毒色原酮对菜粉蝶5龄幼虫都具有较强的生物活性，且随着时间的延长，其生物活性增强，瑞香亭对菜粉蝶5龄幼虫的生物活性与伞形花内酯的生物活性相当，且狼毒色原酮的生物活性最低。     

天葵块根提取物对菜青虫、小菜蛾生长发育的影响

采用浸渍叶碟法研究天葵块根提取物对菜青虫、小菜蛾生长发育的影响.结果表明,天葵块根提取物对菜青虫、小菜蛾具有明显的生长发育抑制作用,800mg/L对菜青虫、小菜蛾的生长发育抑制率分别为67.18%,68.31%.该提取物对菜青虫、小菜蛾生长发育抑制IC_(50)分别为389mg/L,251mg/L,对试虫的体重增加也有显著影响,处理组的平均体重增加值显著低于对照.     

Inhibitory Kinetics of p-Substituted Benzaldehydes on Polyphenol Oxidase from the Fifth Instar of Pieris Rapae L.

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is the enzyme responsible for enzymatic browning during the growth of insects. It is also involved in defense reactions and is related with immunities in insects. PPO, a metalloenzyme oxidase, catalyzes the oxidation of ο-diphenol to ο-quinone. The present paper de- scribes the effects of benzaldehyde and its p-substituted derivatives on the activity of PPO from the fifth instar of Pieris rapae L. PPO from the fifth instar of Pieris rapae L. was purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme kinetics was characterized using L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as substrate. The results show that benzaldehyde, p- hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-chlorobenzaldehyde, and p-cyanobenzaldehyde can inhibit the PPO activity for the oxidation of L-DOPA. The inhibitor concentration leading to 50% activity lost, IC50, was esti- mated to be 5.90, 5.62, 2.83, and 2.91 mmol/L for the four tested inhibitors, respectively. Kinetic analy- ses show that the inhibitory effects of these compounds are reversible. Benzaldehyde, p- hydroxybenzaldehyde, and p-chlorobenzaldehyde are noncompetitive inhibitors while p-cyano- benzaldehyde is a mixed-type inhibitor. The inhibition constants were determined for all four inhibitors. p-chlorobenzaldehyde and p-cyanobenzaldehyde were more potent inhibitors than the other com- pounds. These results provide a basis for developing PPO inhibition-based pesticides.     

紫背金盘提取物对菜青虫的效应研究

采用无水乙醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯和氯仿四种溶剂提取紫背金盘杀虫活性物质,并以菜青虫3龄幼虫为试虫,探讨紫背金盘杀虫活性物质对菜青虫的毒性。结果表明:紫背金盘各提取物对菜青虫具有一定杀虫效果,其中氯仿提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物对菜青虫的拒食率和校正死亡率显著高于其他组,100 g/L氯仿提取物拒食率、24 h和48 h校正死亡率分别92%、21.23%和32.69%,100 g/L氯仿提取物拒食率、24 h和48 h校正死亡率分别90%、20.67%和31.24%。结论:紫背金盘的各种提取物对菜青虫具有一定的拒食和触杀作用,其中以氯仿提取物效果和乙酸乙酯提取物最为显著。     

美丽马醉木中毒的中草药治疗试验

本文记述了使用中草药治疗羊美丽马醉木中毒的试验,结果表明中草药对羊美丽马醉木中毒有较好的治疗效果,并具有价格低廉、应用方便等优点,对缺医少药的山区有较好的推广应用价值。     

菜粉蝶G带核型的初步研究

观察了雄菜粉蝶生殖细胞细胞分裂的染色体，并对其Ｇ带核型进行了研究。染色体制片采用涂片法，Ｇ带显示采用尿素法。结果表明：２ｎ＝５０，染色体上无明显的着丝粒，有丝分裂早中期染色体上显示了较为清晰的带纹，依据染色体的相对长度和Ｇ带带纹，排出了Ｇ带核型。     

Photoperiodic induction of diapause in an insect is vitamin A dependent

Summary A photoperiodic response was found to be absent in larvae of the parasitoid waspApanteles glomeratus when its host (caterpillars ofPieris brassicae) was reared on a low-carotenoid artificial diet. Addition of vitamin A to the host's diet restored the response to short-day photoperiods in the wasp larvae, thus showing that vitamin A is essential for photoperiodic induction of diapause. Possibly vitamin A or a derivative of vitamin A functions as the photoreceptor pigment for the photoperiodic reaction in this species of insect.