室内人工气候条件下烟蚜Myzus persicae(Sulzer)(同翅目:蚜科)的生物学特性研究

本研究利用人工气候模拟设备,在室内条件下研究烟蚜Moyzus perMcae(Sulzer)成蚜的寿命、生殖能力与温度变化的函数关系,研究的重点是高温或极端高温以及高温的持续时间对蚜虫生物学特性的影响。研究结果表明,在人工模拟的夏季平均气温温度段20-30℃内,蚜虫的发育速率以27.5℃为拐点,在20-27.5℃范围内发育速率随温度的升高而升高;当温度超过27.5℃,蚜虫发育速率反而降低。研究结果还揭示温度(尤其是高温)的持续时间是降低蚜虫的存活时间及其生殖能力的重要因素。     

Evidence for transmission of aphid-pathogenic fungi by migratory flight of Myzus persicae alates

The alates of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, were daily trapped from the air from late October through early January and carried to laboratory for determination of fungal infection by individually rearing them for 7 d on detached cabbage leaves in Petri dishes. Among 760 alates trapped, 266 (35%) were found carrying various fungal pathogens, 87.3% of them died due to mycosis during the first 3-day period of rearing and the rest died in the following two days. Most of the deaths of the alates were attributed to entomophthoralean fungi, taking 94.4%, and the rest were the hyphomycetous fungus Beauveria bassiana. Among the Entomophthorales-killed alates, P. neoaphidis took a proportion of 66.1%, Z. anhuiensis 22.6%, E. planchoniana 9.7%, and N. fresenii 1.6%, respectively. Two alates were found suffering from cross infection of two fungal species, i.e. P. neoaphidis with Z. anhuiensis and N. fresenii, respectively. The results represent the first report on transmission of aphid-pathogenic fungi by M. persicae alates through migratory flight.     

Evidence for transmission of aphid-pathogenic fungi by migratory flight of Myzus persicae alates

The alates of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, were daily trapped from the air from late October through early January and carried to laboratory for determination of fungal infection by individually rearing them for 7 d on detached cabbage leaves in Petri dishes. Among 760 alates trapped, 266 (35%) were found carrying various fungal pathogens, 87.3% of them died due to mycosis during the first 3-day period of rearing and the rest died in the following two days. Most of the deaths of the alates were attributed to entomophthoralean fungi, taking 94.4%, and the rest were the hyphomycetous fungus Beauveria bassiana. Among the Entomophthorales-killed alates, P. neoaphidis took a proportion of 66.1%, Z. anhuiensis 22.6%, E. planchoniana 9.7%, and N. fresenii 1.6%, respectively. Two alates were found suffering from cross infection of two fungal species, i.e. P. neoaphidis with Z. anhuiensis and N. fresenii, respectively. The results represent the first report on transmission of aphid-pathogenic fungi by M. persicae alates through migratory flight.     

Chronic mercury vapor poisoning of aphids

Summary Exposure of green peach aphids,Myzus persicae (Sulz.), to an atmosphere containing mercury vapor resulted in a curtailment ofembryogenesis and larviposition by adults, and in the development by larvae and adults of a cuticular darkening of their legs, head capsule, antennae, cornicles and cauda. Mortality of affected larvae resulted from molting difficulties, particularly by last-instar alatiform female and male larvae. Greenbugs,Schizaphis graminum (Rond.), and pea aphids,Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.), responded to mercury vapor exposure in similar ways.     

烟田烟蚜种群动态与天敌作用的变化

对1999年、2007年云南玉溪地区烟蚜种群动态与天敌种类、作用进行了对比分析.结果表明:烟蚜的种群数量、动态均呈单峰曲线,在7月上中旬密度最大,但无论是烟蚜的日增长率还是平均数量,1999年均高于2007年.烟田内烟蚜的主要天敌有烟蚜茧蜂(Aphidius gifuensis)、蜘蛛类、瓢虫(Coccinella septempunctata,Harmonia axyridis)、黑带食蚜蝇(Episyrphus balteatus)和草蛉(Chrysopa sinica).烟蚜茧蜂、瓢虫、食蚜蝇和草蛉与烟蚜具有一定的跟随关系,而以烟蚜茧蜂的跟随关系最为明显.通过相关与通径分析得出,影响烟蚜种群数量变化的天敌主要有烟蚜茧蜂、瓢虫和草蛉,但随着时间的变化,各天敌对烟蚜的控制作用亦发生了变化.由于长期实施以烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜为主体的烟蚜综合治理措施,烟蚜茧蜂已成为当地控制烟蚜种群数量的重要天敌.     

桃蚜研究新进展

本文从桃蚜的生物生态学、抗药性的酶学机理和分子生物学机理三个方面对桃蚜的最近的研究进展作了综述。不同体色的桃蚜对环境的适应能力不同。桃蚜的抗药性主要是由羧酸酯酶 E4扩增引起的。但是乙酰胆碱酯酶的不敏感性也增加了桃蚜对氨基甲酸酯类农药的抗性。在分子水平上 ,桃蚜的抗性机制主要是酯酶基因的扩增。同时对这些扩增的酯酶基因的遗传方式也有一些研究。     

Selection for resistance to azadirachtin in the green peach aphid,Myzus persicae

Two lines ofMyzus persicae of the same origin were treated repeatedlywith pure azadirachtin (aza), or a refined neem seed extract (NSE), at the equivalent concentration of aza. After 40 generations, the aza-selected line had developed 9-fold resistance to aza compared to a non-selected control line, whereas the NSE-selected line did not. These results suggest that a blend of active constitutents in a botanical insecticide such as neem might diffuse the selection process, mitigating the development of resistance compared to that expected with a single active ingredient.     

桃蚜的室内毒力测定

用保丰、吡虫啉、抗蚜威，乐果等四种药剂对温室栽培辣椒上为害的桃蚜进行室内毒力测定，结果表明，15％保丰乳油毒力最强，10％吡虫啉，50％抗蚜威的毒力次之，40％乐果毒力最差。     

瑞香狼毒提取物杀虫活性研究

就瑞香狼毒根乙醇提取物(简称SCEE)对菜粉蝶、桃蚜和亚洲玉米螟的生物活性进行了测定.当试虫为菜粉蝶五龄幼虫时,采用夹毒法测定,SCEE处理2天后胃毒作用的LD?52为每头12.32og;采用叶蝶法测定,当SCEE浓度分别为5mg@mL-1时,处理7天后其校正死亡率为100%;采用叶碟法测定,SCEE对其AFC50为0.381 3mg@mL-1.当试虫为桃蚜时,采用浸叶法测定,SCEE处理2天后,其LD50值为0.592 2mg@mL-1.当试虫为亚洲玉米螟三龄幼虫时,采用食料混药法测定,SCEE处理7天和14天后,其校正死亡率分别为65.52%和85.52%.以上结果表明,SCEE对菜粉蝶幼虫、桃蚜和亚洲玉米螟幼虫具有很强的杀虫活性.     

Behavior-modulating plant volatile chemical for aphids

4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate, a volatile component of Raphanus sativus leaf, was found to attract Myzus persicae in the olfactometer and the field and significant differences were found at 0.001 and 0.01 level when compared with control. The compound was identified by GC, GC-MS and NMR.