平果岩溶堆积铝土矿空间分布特征及成因探讨——以教美矿区为例

以平果堆积铝土矿教美矿区为例,对矿区堆积铝土矿的空间分布特征及成因进行了探析,提出了岩溶堆积铝土矿的堆积序列和分布规律。     

Systems and organizations: Distal and proximal thinking

The paper introduces the contributions to this special issue ofSystems Practice on Systems and Organizations: New Directions in terms ofdistal andproximal thinking. Distal thinking refers to ready-made concepts, to the finished effects and outcomes of thought and action; proximal thinking, to process and event, to the continuous and unfinished. The papers presented here deal with various aspects of the distal/proximal distinction in social systems and organizations, and especially draw out the implications of recent work in information technology, sociology of technology, accounting theory, and organization studies for a proximal conception of systems and organizations.     

唐山城市防灾的地质灾害分区评价

根据唐山市区曾发生过的地质灾害及其相关的活动构造、第四纪沉积物厚度和地貌条件,从城市建设和安全的角度进行唐山市地质灾害分区评价。     

黔中喀斯特植被恢复过程中水土保持功能变化初步研究

以“空间代替时间”的方法,在黔中退化喀斯特植被区,选择不同植被恢复阶段地段建立径流场进行野外测定,结合室内实验分析,对试验区植被恢复过程中的0~15cm和15~30cm土壤物理性质、土壤持水性及土壤抗蚀性能进行了分析研究。结果表明:退化植被恢复过程中,植被对土壤物理性质的改良作用明显,相同土层深度,土壤容重为草本群落阶段>灌丛灌木阶段>乔林阶段,孔隙度为乔林阶段>灌丛灌木阶段>草本群落阶段;土壤自然含水量呈规律性变化:乔林阶段和灌丛阶段自然含水量与草坡阶段之比,0~15cm土层中分别是1.39和1.07,15~30cm土层中分别是1.30、1.04;土壤蓄水能力提高,非毛管持水率为乔林阶段>灌丛阶段>草坡阶段;土壤保土能力提高,相同土层深度、相同时段内,土粒的崩解速度为草坡阶段>灌丛阶段>乔林阶段。因此,退化植被恢复可显著提高其蓄水保土功能。     

Numerical simulation of topography effects on the "00.7" severe rainfall in Beijing

In an effort to study the severe rainfall event of 4-5th July 2000 in Beijing (with 24h accumulated precipitation of 240 mm), we perform numerical simulations to investigate this event using the MM5v3.6 model. The model is initialized with the MM5/WRF 3DVAR analysis, which incorporates the ground-based GPS precipitable water vapor, automatic and conventional meteorological observations in its assimilation step. For 24 h accumulated precipitation forecast, the threat scores are 0.72, 0.76, 0.67 and 0.63, for thresholds of 1, 5, 10, and 20 mm, respectively. Holding other factors unchanged, sensitivity experiments were conducted with different topographic resolutions of 110, 50 and 3.7 km to investigate the topographic effects on precipitation over the Beijing area. In these sensitivity experiments, we attempt to preserve the realistic orographic distribution in the model topography under the condition of keeping the dynamic-thermodynamic consistency of the initial model atmosphere to the extent possible. Results indicate that the unique topographic distribution and variations in the Beijing area play an important role in determining the location, distribution and intensity of heavy precipitation.     

台风Utor登陆广东过程的数值研究

台风Utor(0104)于2001年7月6日00时(UTC,下同)在广东汕尾地区登陆,带来比较严重的灾害性天气.以美国国家大气研究中心和宾州大学联合研制的第五代中尺度模式(MM5)为基础设计的台风预报模式比较准确地预报出台风Utor(0104)的移动路径(前24 h的移动路径平均误差为 68 km)和天气现象的分布.在此基础上,设计了3个敏感性试验:①是把华南地区(26°N以南,110°E以东)的陆地变为海洋,②是把华南地区的山地变为平地,③是减小华南地区陆地的粗糙度,即取为近似于静风的洋面上的值.对比数值试验的结果表明:引起台风登陆后减弱的最主要因子是下垫面水汽供应的切断,其次是下垫面粗糙度(摩擦)的影响;地形作用能使迎风坡的降水明显增加,但对台风强度则没有明显的影响.     

溶洞上方条形基础地基极限承载力有限元分析

针对岩溶地区典型围岩条件,采用有限元方法对岩溶地区条形基础下溶洞顶板稳定性进行分析计算,得出溶洞顶板跨度、顶板厚度不同时地基的极限承载力;分析了极限承载力与各影响因素之间的关系,给出了溶洞顶板安全厚度的有限元分析结果.研究结果表明:溶洞顶板厚度在一定范围内,当顶板跨度从B增加到4B时,地基极限承载力降低1/3;当跨度一定时,地基极限承载力随溶洞顶板厚度增加而增加;当顶板厚度达到安全厚度时,溶洞对地基极限承载力影响可以不计.     

Dynamical framework with blocking topography coordinates for atmospheric GCM and its validation

The dynamical framework with Blocking Topography Coordinates (hereafter, BTC), which is suited to handle the steep topography for the atmospheric general circulation models, is presented in this paper, together with its validation results. The integral properties of both the differential and finite-difference equations for the BTC dynamical core are: gross mass conservation, quadratic conservation for advection terms, Coriolis force does not change the kinetic energy, conservation of total available energy. The improved nonlinear iteration scheme is utilized for the time-integration. The energy conservation for BTC dynamical core is validated by using the integration results from 9-layer and 21-layer version respectively. Comparison results show that, the changes of the kinetic energy and total available potential energy during the integration are quite close for both the BTC dynamical framework and the dynamical framework of IAP 9-level and IAP 21-level AGCM, and this may suggest that the BTC dynamical core can be used for long-term integration with good computational stability. Furthermore, the BTC dynamical core has the advantage over the terrain following (sigma) coordinates in its better representation of the influence of the large-scale topography on the atmospheric general circulation. Finally, the correctness and reasonableness of the BTC dynamical core has been further proved by the numerical simulation of the topography influence on the quasi-stationary planetary wave with 21-layer version of BTC dynamical framework.