Horizontal gene transfer from Eukarya to Bacteria and domain shuffling: the α-amylase model

-Amylases are present in all kingdoms of the living world. Despite strong conservation of the tertiary structure, only a few amino acids are conserved in interkingdom comparisons. Animal -amylases are characterized by several typical motifs and biochemical properties. A few cases of such -amylases have been previously reported in some eubacterial species. We screened the bacterial genomes available in the sequence databases for new occurrences of animal-like -amylases. Three novel cases were found, which belong to unrelated bacterial phyla: Chloroflexus aurantiacus, Microbulbifer degradans, and Thermobifida fusca. All the animal-like -amylases in Bacteria probably result from repeated horizontal gene transfer from animals. The M. degradans genome also contains bacterial-type and plant-type -amylases in addition to the animal-type one. Thus, this species exhibits -amylases of animal, plant, and bacterial origins. Moreover, the similarities in the extra C-terminal domains (different from both the -amylase domain C and the starch-binding domain), when present, also suggest interkingdom as well as intragenomic shuffling.Received 17 October 2003; accepted 6 November 2003     

THE HARDWARE ＆ SOFTWARE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW TYPE INTERFACE FOR THE CASSETTE TAPE RECORDER

This paper analyzes in detail the operating principle and characteristics of hardware and software of a new type interface for the cassette tape recorder, which has been developed by this author for the 8097BH target prototype machine. It discusses the design of the audio cassette tape recording format and some important aspects which must be taken care of in software for reading the cassette tape. The paper also illustrates debugging methods thoroughly.     

Influence of γ' precipitate on deformation and fracture during creep in PM nickel-based superalloy

FGH96 is a powder metallurgy nickel based superally used for turbine disk of aero-engines. In the present study FGH96 alloy with four different γ' precipitate microstructures were produced via solution heat-treatment with different cooling rates, and the maximum cooling rate reached 400°C/min which was a super cooling rate for Nickel-based superalloy. The creep tests were conducted for PM FGH96 alloy under the testing condition of 704°C and 690 MPa. The relationship between the creep properties and the distribution of γ' precipitate was established. The creep mechanism was analyzed by using TEM and ACTEM, and the dislocation movement was studied at the atomic scale. The creep strain rate was calculated through a physically based crystal slip model established based on crystal plasticity. The calculated results were consistent with the test ones, illustrating the validity of the model. The fracture mechanism was also investigated, and the results showed that the creep cracks generated on the surface due to the oxidation. It was observed that the cracks propagated in different ways depending on the different average diameters of γ' precipitate. With the decrease of the average γ' precipitate size,the critical shearing stress increased and the resistance of the dislocation slipping increased. The fracture mechanism for the primary stage transformed from intragranular to intergranular due to the change of dislocation slipping.     

SSD1963驱动RGB接口LCD的设计与实现

为了解决RGB接口LCD与微控制器相连时的驱动问题,提出了一种基于SSD1963硬件电路设计方案。通过与单片机LM3S9B96进行通信调试,并对底层驱动软件进行了设计。实际测试中,利用LM3S9B96控制板和SSD1963驱动板顺利实现了图文显示。测试结果表明,硬件设计和软件驱动设计都能满足实际需求,并且工作稳定。另外,该设计方案已经在总体方案中得到应用,降低了购买带LCD控制器的成本。     

基于EGM2008地球重力场模型的GPS高程转换研究

针对地形起伏较大地区纯粹采用数值逼近方法进行GPS高程转换精度不高的事实,提出了一种在＂移去—拟合—恢复＂思路的基础上,综合利用EGM2008地球重力场模型和数值逼近算法进行GPS高程转换的方法。通过贵州某段高速公路首级测量控制网实例验证了该方法的有效性和实用性,证实该方法在地形起伏较大的重山区能够达到较高的精度。     

FGH96合金惯性摩擦焊过程飞边形成的规律研究

基于FGH96合金的材料本构模型以及摩擦因数随温度的变化关系,利用DEFORM软件建立了FGH96合金惯性摩擦焊的热力耦合分析模型,研究了焊接过程中飞边的形成与温度及材料流动之间的关系. 结果表明,在摩擦焊初期,由于温度与材料流动速度较低,飞边不易形成;当焊接过程达到稳态后,随着摩擦界面及其附近区域材料向摩擦界面两边界流动速度的增加,飞边形成并逐渐增大;飞边的尺寸大小以及弯曲程度随初始转速以及轴向压力的增加而增大,基于飞边形貌确定了FGH96合金惯性摩擦较合理的焊接工艺参数.      

98单片机控制的M/T测速法

本文探讨了一种用98单片机控制的M/T测速法。设计了这种方法控制的软件与硬件,且对51单片机控制的M/T测速法进行了改进,实现了98单片机控制数字式直流调速系统。     

一种高效免疫佐剂热休克蛋白gp96的酸性区和两侧中间区对其N端构象及多肽结合能力的调节作用

gp96(glucose-regulated protein,GRP94)是热休克蛋白90家族(HSP90 family)中的一员.由于其在维持内质网蛋白中间过渡态的空间构型以及免疫反应中有重要作用,因此近年来被作为分子伴侣蛋白和免疫佐剂引起广泛关注,但是关于gp96生物功能的彻底阐明还将依赖于对其结构的深入研究.在试验中我们构建了不同的gp96片段,旨在寻找gp96的重要功能区.通过凝胶分子筛和EGS交联实验,发现gp96中间酸性区可以调节gp96 N端的寡聚化状态;而固相ELISA实验显示,包含中间酸性区的N端重组蛋白与肽的结合有高度饱和性,这些结果表明中间酸性区对gp96的寡聚化以及多肽结合能力有内在的调节作用.这一研究对gp96生物功能的阐明以及临床应用提供了理论基础.     

新型氧化添加剂EGM影响柴油机性能和排放特性的研究

提出了用含氧柴油添加剂EGM降低柴油机碳烟排放的方法,建立了超声波EGM-柴油在线混合装置,在4JB1直喷柴油机上试验研究了含氧添加剂对发动机性能和排放特性的影响。结果表明,在大负荷时随着混合燃料中的EGM增加,碳烟和CO的排放显著降低;对NOx的排放影响很小;在小负荷时HC的排放增加。     

一个新质源大麦核质互作雄性不育系96f7A的选育及其遗传研究

报道了大麦核质互作型雄性不育系96f7A的选育过程及其形态特征和主要农艺性状,并研究了其雄性不育性状的遗传。结果表明,96f7A为二棱皮大麦,开颖开花,花药瘦小,不开裂,不散粉,不育彻底,农艺性状较好,其不育性状受1对隐性基因控制。该不育系的不育细胞质来自四川大麦地方品种,核不育基因由核品种的核可育基因天然隐性突变产生。