果蝇幼虫神经肌肉突触电位反应的研究

实验采用电生理微电极胞内记录技术，研究了果蝇三龄幼虫腹纵肌细胞的静息电位与微兴奋性接点电位、神经－肌肉兴奋性接点电位的特点。研究结果显示：１、果蝇三龄幼虫的静息电位为－５３±５ｍＶ２．微兴奋性接点电位的波形与正常兴奋性接点电位相同，平均值为０．６ｍＶ．３．兴奋性接点电位在不同的刺激强度下有不同的值。     

Analysis of the relationship between age of larvae at mutagen treatment and frequency and size of spots in the wing somatic mutation and recombination test inDrosophila melanogaster

The relationship between the induction of mutant clones and the time of mutagen treatment was studied in the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in wing cells ofDrosophila melanogaster. Larvae trans-heterozygous for the recessive marker mutations multiple wing hairs (mwh) and flare (flr) were produced. Batches of these larvae were then treated with mutagen at different ages spanning all three larval instars. Methyl methanesulfonate was fed acutely for 2 h by immersing the larvae in a solution of the mutagen mixed with powdered cellulose. Wings of the surviving adult flies were mounted and scored for the presence of spots. The frequency and size of single and twin spots were recorded separately. Twin spots are produced exclusively by mitotic recombination, whereas single spots can results from various types of mutational and exchange events. There exists a clear correlation between time of induction and frequency as well as size of the single spots. In young larvae only few but very large spots are induced, whereas in older larvae the frequencies are considerably increased but the sizes are smaller. The twin spots show a different relationship. Practically no twin spots are found in very young and in very old larvae. The results demonstrate that in the wing spot test the optimal age of the larvae for mutagen treatment is 72 h.     

酵母粉对果蝇精子发生之影响

目的探讨酵母粉对果蝇精子发生各时期的影响。方法野生型黑腹雄蝇按2-3-3法处理,置于每管酵母粉含量为0,5 mg/vial,10 mg/vial,15 mg/vial培养基中培养,统计精子发生各阶段精细胞数目。结果随着酵母粉量的增加,精子发生在各阶段细胞数量增加,在不同处理组中雄蝇在其精子发生各阶段中,以第3天形成精细胞数量最多,其中10 mg/vial和15 mg/vial最为显著。酵母粉量的增加,在精细胞阶段促进精细胞数量增加最为显著,成熟精子阶段也有增加,精母细胞阶段精细胞数量呈增加后逐渐减少趋势。结论酵母粉可促进果蝇的精子发生,特别在精细胞阶段,促使精细胞数量增加,高峰期明显提前并持续延长形成时间。     

利福定对果蝇寿命的影响

本文研究利福定喂饲果蝇对其寿命的影响。试验组液体饲料分别含利福定10、5和2.5ppm,结果发现这三个浓度的利福定对果蝇均有延寿效应,其中,10ppm的利福定对雄果蝇的延寿效果最好,平均寿命延长22.4％(p<0.05),5ppm的利福定对雌果蝇的延寿效果最好,平均寿命延长19.2％(p<0.05)。而且,它们的最高寿命也有显著延长,提示利福定是一种较好的抗衰老药物。     

雌激素影响果蝇性比机制的研究

本文以果蝇的红白眼色为遗传标记性状,利用红眼雄蝇与白眼雌蝇杂交的方法,研究了乙烯雌酚影响果蝇性比的机制。研究结果表明,在本试验浓度条件下,乙烯雌酚未能使y类型的合子发生性反转,而是对其存在致死作用或是降低了含y染色体的精子的受精机会。     

Sexual isolation betweenDrosophila melanogaster females andD. simulans males. Male mating propensities versus success in hybridization

Genetic variation has been found in males of aD. simulans population for their eagerness to hybridize withD. melanogaster females. In a search for traits involved in this hybridization, males ofD. simulans were tested for mating speed and sexual vigour. Between-male differences were detected in both sexual traits, but no relationship was noticed between them, nor with the frequency of hybridization. Thus male mating propensities appear to be unrelated to the breakdown of sexual isolation between these sibling species.     

Postembryonic sensory axon guidance in Drosophila

The peripheral sensory system of the Drosophila adult has been used for the genetic analysis of axon guidance because of its accessibility for experimental manipulation and mutant screens. Wing, leg, antenna, or eye sensory axons are able to pathfind normally under different perturbations, indicating that sensory axon guidance is a highly canalized process. Similarly to other model systems, sensory growth cones seem to use multiple, simultaneous cues for guidance. In addition, sensory axons from peripheral structures seem to be capable of using alternative substrates for pathfinding. Developmental regulation could account for the high stability of axon guidance under experimental and natural perturbation conditions. Despite this flexibility, functional characterization of genes involved in sensory axon guidance is being carried out in situations where there appears to be less system redundancy.     

Supernumerary chromosomes inDrosophila nasuta albomicana

Summary Supernumerary chromosomes have been detected in the karyotype ofD.n. albomicana. Their number varies from one to three. They are the smallest elements in the karyotype. Karyotypes ofD.n. albomicana with and without supernumerary chromosomes have been presented.     

Negative phototaxis inDrosophila associated with a morphological change in the compound eye

Summary The ultrastructure of the compound eyes of several photonegative selection lines and their unselected photopositive controls of five species of themelanogaster subgroup was analyzed. A qualitative phenotypic change concerning the rhabdomeres in one of the photonegative selection lines ofD. mauritiana could be detected. It was proved that this structural aberration of the rhabdomeres is caused by a parallel mutation of the mutantora (outer rhabdomeres absent) ofD. melanogaster.     

The mating behavior of individuals ofDrosophila pseudoobscura from New Zealand

Summary Recently discovered individuals in New Zealand of the North American speciesDrosophila pseudoobscura were analyzed for any divergence in mating behavior. Cultures collected from five localities in North American were mated with a stock from Rotorua, New Zealand. No significant divergence was obtained in any of the within North Americ, and more importantly, between North American and New Zealand mating experiments. Further analyses also showed no development of sterility between recently caught New Zealand and North American flies. We discuss our results in relation to others of this type.Publication No. 5 from the Evolutionary Genetics Laboratory, University of Auckland.Acknowledgements. We thank the University Grants Committee, grant No. 140Z88, for financial assistance. We thank D.G. Futch., L. Barr, A. Beckenach and H. Spencer for their kind assistance in sending us wild caught cultures.