蓝藻水华对沉积物汞迁移释放的影响

为研究蓝藻水华对沉积物汞迁移释放的影响,本实验选择太湖夏季水华爆发常见的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)在实验室内进行培养实验,连续监测其生长过程中水体的溶解氧(DO)、p H、水体中DHg含量、水体中THg含量和藻密度的变化情况。结果显示:铜绿微囊藻的生长繁殖加大了沉积物中汞的释放能力,铜绿微囊藻对汞具有较强的吸附能力,沉积物中汞的释放能力随着铜绿微囊藻生长先升高后降低。     

Seismites(地震岩)等术语的概念与名称

seismites,按其字面意思理应翻译成地震岩,即与地震有成因联系或受发震断裂改造、变形的岩石。按发震时地质材料的固结程度与力学性质,地震岩可分为震积岩(地震时尚未固结成岩的含水沙土层,即软沉积物)和脆性断层岩(地震时已经固结成岩的沉积岩、岩浆岩和变质岩)。脆性断层岩包括断层角砾岩、碎裂岩、超碎裂岩、假熔岩和断层泥等。发育由沙土液化形成的软沉积物变形构造的沉积岩,统称为“沙土液化岩”(liquefactites),但是长期以来一直被误译为seismites。大量的研究表明,并不是所有的沙土液化和软沉积物变形都是由地震造成的,也并不是所有地震都能导致沙土液化。只有那些所在区域存在重要发震断层、真正由地震引起的区域性的沙土液化造成的软沉积物发育变形构造的岩层才能称之为震积岩(seismic liquefactites)。震积岩不应再翻译成seismites。零星出现的软沉积物变形构造与沙土液化构造(例如:砂涌丘)不足以作为古地震的证据。     

海洋类院校专业硕士英语视听说课程研究

大连海洋大学从2009年开始海洋类专业硕士扩招,随着对外学术交流机会的增多,这些专业硕士研究生使用英语的机会逐渐增多.本文通过分析大连海洋大学专业硕士研究生英语视听说水平的现状,从优化课程设置、改进教学和教学方法方面研究海洋类院校专业硕士英语听说课程改革中能力培养的策略.并且,文中敦促建设研究生英语网络教学平台,从而帮助学生完成自主学习,科学有效地将课内外所学融会贯通,进而达到最理想的学习效果.     

铅锡合金沉积物的显微组织

将离子浓度比为5∶5的铅锡电沉积分形生长沉积物制备成金相样品，用金相显微镜观察了它们的显微组织。结果表明，在此情况下，铅锡电沉积生成物由两相组成，即铅锡共晶相和铅基固溶相，两相呈交替层状分布。     

Developmental modes of the Neoproterozoic-Lower Paleozoic marine hydrocarbon source rocks in China

Based on the researches on rock type, the mode of occurrence, diagnostic minerals and creatures, the sedimentary geochemistry and organic facies of Chinese marine source rocks from wells and outcrops, and on the research findings of developmental modes of foreign marine source rock, the authors consider that it is impossible to objectively make clear the formation mechanism of hydrocarbon source rock with high organic matter abundance by either single mode of preservation or high organic matter productivity. According to the Chinese geological features, the formation mechanism of the Neoproterozoic-Lower Paleozoic marine source rock is generalized into four modes, namely, thermal water activity-upwelling flow-anoxic; carbonate gentle slope-upwelling flow; xerothermic climate-brine euxinic milieu; and humid climate-retained euxinic milieu; as the Lower Cambrian undercompensation basin organic facies （the Tarim Basin, South China and southwestern margin of North China）, carbonate gentle lime mud bound organic facies （the Upper Ordovician in Tazhong region of the Tarim Basin and the Lower Silurian in the Upper Yangtze Platform）, the Middle Cambrian evaporation laggon organic facies （the Tarim Basin and the Upper Yangtze Platform）, enclosed undercompensation terrigenous bay organic facies （the Middle-Upper Ordovician in the west of the Tarim Basin, the Lower Silurian Long- maxi Formation in the Upper Yangtze platform）. Chinese marine sedimentations with lower organic matter abundance are generalized into two modes of consumption-dilution mode of open epicontinental sea and depletion-dilution mode of supercompensation basin.     

Hydrostatic settling velocity of sediments

The settling of sediments is an accelerative process in which the concentration of the main sediments zone will heavily influence settling velocity, but the explicit relationship between the concentration and settling velocity has not been reported in literature. Here a theoretical function was built for the time dependent concentration and time dependent settling velocity of sediments ; then the entire settling process reflecting concentration was shown on the basis of sediments instant-settlement theory and mathematical method. Agreement of computed results and experimental data was found. Several governing parameters, including particle size,particle density,inltial suspended sediments concentration and suspension height, were discussed with a series of calculated velocity curves. The research indicated that (1) the presented concentration-velocity time relationship is rational, (2) settling process of the sediments group with variation of concentration consists of acceleration stage, uniform motion stage and deceleration stage, and (3) particle size, particle density and initial suspended sediments concentration have more influence on the settling velocity than the suspension height and water temperature.     

大海之下的科斯奎洞穴壁画

在海平面以下37米的地方发现一个曲折幽深的天然洞穴,也许算不上什么稀罕事。但是,假如你探入洞中却发现一个完整的史前人类的艺术宝库豁然现身于你眼前,这样的事恐怕就不多见了……     

地质的海洋

现在我们从飞机上可以轻易地看到地球表面的景观:茂密的森林、陡峭的峡谷,以及高耸的山脉等等,而且利用太空科技,我们甚至还可以看到火星上岩石广布的贫瘠表面。但是,对于自远古以来一直维系和决定着我们命运的海洋,我们却知之甚少。海洋对于我们来说,犹如藏在巨大蓝色水毯下的一个奥秘。 不过自上个世纪以来,借助海洋研究和海洋技术的进步,使我们能够前所未有地进入海洋,去一窥它的真实面貌。     

海洋光学遥感技术的发展和前沿

空间遥感与信息技术已经发展成为满足人类对海洋资源和环境不同尺度和不同层次连续、动态的信息需求的必要手段。海洋光学遥感在实施大范围海面瞬间信息监测、数年至几十年长序列全球海洋数据采集等方面，发挥了常规调查方法所不能替代的优势。从20世纪70年代开始，国际上发展了利用测量离水辐射率的原理，用现代的卫星遥感技术来实时监测海洋水色环境。80年代以来，我国对该项高技术也十分重视，并有了长足进展。文章回顾我国近20年来海洋光学遥感技术的发展；讨论了当前国家在海洋权益、防灾减灾、海洋资源管理和开发等方面的进一步需求；论述了该技术在环境监测应用导向下的前沿，如：高精度分析和定量化、高频率长序列监测和业务化趋向、多平台监测数据同化和核心技术合成。