心肌动作电位对心脏节律的影响

采用数值方法分析心肌动作电位对心脏节律的影响。心肌动作电位用Noble模型来描述，心脏节律用Bernardo-Signorint模型来模拟。数值分析结果表明，心肌动作电位形成的靶环波和螺旋波对心脏节律影响较大。当心肌动作电位表现为噪声时，心脏节律可完全破坏。     

The melatonin rhythm: both a clock and a calendar

The paper briefly reviews the data which shows that the circadian production and secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland can impart both daily, i.e., clock, and seasonal, i.e., calendar, information to the organism. The paper summarizes the 3 patterns of nocturnal melatonin production that have been described. Clearly, regardless of the pattern of nocturnal melatonin production a particular species normally displays, the duration of nightime elevated melatonin is proportional to the duration of the night length. Since daylength under natural conditions changes daily the melatonin rhythm, which adjusts to the photoperiod sends time of year information to the organism. The melatonin receptors which subserve the clock message sent by the pineal gland in the form of a melatonin cycle may reside in the biological clock itself, namely, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). The melatonin receptors that mediate seasonal changes in reproductive physiology are presumably those that are located on the pars tuberalis cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Besides these receptors which likely mediate clock and calendar information, melatonin receptors have been described in other organs. Interestingly, the distribution of melatonin receptors is highly species-specific. Whereas the clock and calendar information that the melatonin cycle imparts to the organism relies on cell membrane receptors, a fact that is of some interest considering the high lipophilicity of melatonin, recent studies indicate that other functions of melatonin may require no receptor whatsoever.     

Chronobiology of sleep in humans

Periodic circadian (24-h) cycles play an important role in daily hormonal and behavioural rhythms. Usually our sleep/wake cycle, temperature and melatonin rhythms are internally synchronized with a stable phase relationship. When there is a desynchrony between the sleep/wake cycle and circadian rhythm, sleep disorders such as advanced and delayed sleep phase syndrome can arise as well as transient chronobiologic disturbances, for example from jet lag and shift work. Appropriately timed bright light is effective in re-timing the circadian rhythm and sleep pattern to a more desired time, ameliorating these disturbances. Other less potent retiming effects may also be obtained from the judicious use of melatonin and exercise.     

The pineal and melatonin: Regulators of circadian function in lower vertebrates

Summary The pineal has been identified as a major circadian pacemaker within the circadian system of a number of lower vertebrates although other pacemaking sites have been implicated as well. The rhythmic synthesis and secretion of the pineal hormone, melatonin, is suggested as the mechanism by which the pineal controls circadian oscillators located elsewhere. Both light and temperature cycles can entrain the pineal melatonin rhythm. The pineal, therefore, acts as a photo and thermoendocrine transducer which functions to synchronize internal cycle with cycles in the environment. A model is presented which portrays the pineal as a major component of a multioscillator circadian system and which suggests how these multiple circadian clocks are coupled to each other and to cycles of light and temperature in the external world.     

一种新的模糊决策树算法 ——基于加权毕达哥拉斯模糊熵

传统的模糊决策树虽然可以从模糊数据中抽取模糊分类规则,但只能获取节点的隶属度信息,无法得出样本数据对于节点的非隶属度和犹豫度信息,导致数据分类的准确率不高。针对此,基于毕达哥拉斯模糊集理论,提出了一种新的加权毕达哥拉斯模糊决策树算法（Weighted Pythagorean Fuzzy Decision Tree,WPFDT）。首先,通过改进的K-means聚类算法得到连续属性数据的聚类中心,并结合三角模糊数对连续数据进行模糊处理;其次,定义并计算每一个属性的加权毕达哥拉斯模糊熵,选择加权毕达哥拉斯模糊熵最小的属性作为决策树根节点,在根节点下递归选择模糊熵最小的属性作为分裂节点,同时通过阈值控制树的规模,得到从根节点到叶子节点路径的模糊规则以及模糊规则的隶属度、非隶属度以及犹豫度,并完成预测分类,直至生成WPFDT模型;最后,选取UCI上的3个医学数据集（Haberman、Breast Cancer、Parkinson）进行实验,在分类准确率和得出模糊规则的数量与3种传统决策树算法（模糊ID3算法、C4.5算法、CART算法）比较,实验结果表明：WPFDT在分类精度和树大小上都优于其他传统决策树算法,并且有较高的召回率和精确率。     

论英语词与句的节奏

指出学习英语的关键是对初学者进行语言感觉训练。提出只有掌握了英语的语音语调和节奏，才能学好英语。     

节奏与韵律在广告语言中的作用

节奏与押韵是一种非常有力的表现手法，它是创作成功广告不可缺少的一个要素，韵律的美往往能吸引人们的注意力，加强人们对此产品的记忆力并给人以美的享受。在创作广告时，必须联系节奏与韵律，因为节奏与韵律不仅能够感染人，而且能够使广告的语言富有吸引力。节奏与韵律常常被运用在诗歌与散中，但也可以用于创作成功的广告中。     

谈中国武术的节奏与文化

中国武术的节奏是鉴别不同拳种和套路的重要因素。文章从几个方面探讨了中国武术的节奏特点，并以大量的文史记载及拳理、拳论，阐明中国武术的节奏与传统哲学、文化的历史渊源。     

音乐在健美操运动中的作用

随着健美操运动的迅速发展。音乐在健美操中的作用越来越受到人们的广泛重视，只有把健美操和音乐有机结合起来，才能更加发挥出健美操特有的运动价值．     

棕背伯劳的育雏行为

2005年4-6月,对四川南充市市郊的3个样地,共11个棕背伯劳巢的育雏行为进行了观察,重点观察其中4个巢,其它巢为补充观察.结果显示:育雏期15±1d,育雏期亲鸟的喂食模式有a,b,c3种,育雏前期,中期,后期,分别以模式c,模式b,模式a所占比重最大.雌鸟在3个育雏时期的暖雏高峰主要出现在8∶00-9∶00时和16∶00-17∶00时.喂食高峰在育雏前期和育雏中期都出现在10∶00-12∶00时和14∶00-16∶00时,育雏后期出现在12∶00-14∶00时和16∶00-18∶00时