中国和美国信贷冲击跨境溢出效应的比较研究

本文构建了基于符号约束识别的GVAR模型,并用以考察中国和美国的信贷市场冲击对全球41个国家的不同溢出效应.研究结果表明,中国紧缩性信贷市场冲击对本国实体经济有显著的负效应,但仅限于短中期;而美国信贷冲击对本国乃至全球经济都具有相当大且持久的负影响.中国信贷冲击的跨国效应较小,且主要通过贸易渠道.中国信贷市场的本国冲击能解释中国产出近10%的波动,但无论是本国效应还是跨境传导,总需求冲击仍是驱动中国经济周期波动的最主要力量.     

Subset threshold autoregression

We develop in this paper an efficient way to select the best subset threshold autoregressive model. The proposed method uses a stochastic search idea. Differing from most conventional approaches, our method does not require us to fix the delay or the threshold parameters in advance. By adopting the Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques, we can identify the best subset model from a very large of number of possible models, and at the same time estimate the unknown parameters. A simulation experiment shows that the method is very effective. In its application to the US unemployment rate, the stochastic search method successfully selects lag one as the time delay and five best models from more than 4000 choices. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forecasting in the presence of level shifts

This article addresses the problem of forecasting time series that are subject to level shifts. Processes with level shifts possess a nonlinear dependence structure. Using the stochastic permanent breaks (STOPBREAK) model, I model this nonlinearity in a direct and flexible way that avoids imposing a discrete regime structure. I apply this model to the rate of price inflation in the United States, which I show is subject to level shifts. These shifts significantly affect the accuracy of out‐of‐sample forecasts, causing models that assume covariance stationarity to be substantially biased. Models that do not assume covariance stationarity, such as the random walk, are unbiased but lack precision in periods without shifts. I show that the STOPBREAK model outperforms several alternative models in an out‐of‐sample inflation forecasting experiment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

空间自回归模型中的强相合性

(n,n)表示在空间自回归模型Zij=αZi-1,j βZi,j-1-αβZi-1,j-1 εij中参数(α,β)的Guass-Newton估计,根据已知的结论:当α=β=1时,{n3/2)((^αn)-α,(^β)n-β)}收敛于二元正态随机向量分布即limn{n3/2(^αn)-α,(^β)n-β))′}(D→)N2(0,Γ),其中Γ=diag(2,2).利用双参数强鞅收敛定理,可以证明,当r<(3)/(2)时,nr(n-α,n-β)→(-0).a.e.     

通货膨胀与股票收益:需求冲击与供给冲击效应分解

将影响宏观经济波动的冲击分解为两类:供给冲击和需求冲击,并考察它们对通货膨胀和股票收益关系的影响.一个简化的理论模型表明,供给冲击导致通货膨胀与股票收益负相关,而需求冲击则导致通货膨胀与股票收益正相关;供给冲击下通货膨胀和价格水平都是逆经济周期的,而需求冲击下通货膨胀和价格水平则是顺经济周期的.以上结果也得到中国经验数据的支持.中国的经验还表明,短期股票收益动态更大程度上由供给冲击决定,而短期通货膨胀动态则主要由需求冲击决定.在总体或长期上,实际股票收益和通货膨胀呈现负相关关系,归因于两类冲击中供给冲击的效应占相对主导地位.     

人口增长率的非参数自回归预测模型

针对传统的人口增长预测模型不能理想地捕获我国人口增长率数据的非线性性特征，本文基于局部线性非参数估计理论，对我国建国以来的年人口增长率建立了非参数自回归NAB．（1）模型，并对2000年-2003年的年人口增长率进行了预测，计算结果表明，相对于参数自回归模型而言，非参数自回归模型能够很好地解决人口增长预测这一非线性问题，预测精度较高．     

Modeling and Forecasting the Yield Curve by an Extended Nelson‐Siegel Class of Models: A Quantile Autoregression Approach

This paper compares the in‐sample fitting and the out‐of‐sample forecasting performances of four distinct Nelson–Siegel class models: Nelson–Siegel, Bliss, Svensson, and a five‐factor model we propose in order to enhance the fitting flexibility. The introduction of the fifth factor resulted in superior adjustment to the data. For the forecasting exercise the paper contrasts the performances of the term structure models in association with the following econometric methods: quantile autoregression evaluated at the median, VAR, AR, and a random walk. As a pattern, the quantile procedure delivered the best results for longer forecasting horizons. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A hybrid forecasting approach for piece‐wise stationary time series

We consider the problem of forecasting a stationary time series when there is an unknown mean break close to the forecast origin. Based on the intercept‐correction methods suggested by Clements and Hendry (1998) and Bewley (2003), a hybrid approach is introduced, where the break and break point are treated in a Bayesian fashion. The hyperparameters of the priors are determined by maximizing the marginal density of the data. The distributions of the proposed forecasts are derived. Different intercept‐correction methods are compared using simulation experiments. Our hybrid approach compares favorably with both the uncorrected and the intercept‐corrected forecasts. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

宏观经济信息发布对股票市场收益率及其波动的影响

通过构建宏观信息发布中的未预期信息衡量指标,本文研究了宏观信息对股票市场收益率及其波动的影响.实证分析发现:股票市场指数月收益率具有"通胀对冲"功能,同时PPI、固定投资、货币供给(M2)也会显著影响指数收益率,贸易顺差则与收益率波动显著相关;进一步对股票市场指数日收益率分析发现沪深两市对宏观信息的短期反应并不相同.对上证综指,仅CPI、固定投资与进口同比显著影响指数收益率,而出口同时影响指数收益率及其波动;对于深证成指,市场只对出口信息会作出及时反应.此外,本文还发现危机后股市对宏观信息的反映也出现了显著变化,宏观信息变量中只有PMI和进出口变量显著影响市场收益率,而PPI则成为影响收益率波动的显著因素.     

基于单裂隙开度算法的溶质运移研究

鉴于变异函数的优点,引用了L.Smith自回归过程随机模拟开度的方法,使研究区域的开度满足对数正态分布．利用对数正态分布密度函数的两个参量形成不同的开度,在此基础上从流量、纵向弥散系数及滞留时间三方面来研究开度对水流和溶质运移的影响．