The Challenging Topics and Future Directions of the Research in Limnology and Watershed Sciences

Based on reviewing the problems in limnology and watershed sciences in meeting the national demands and the development of theories and methodology, this paper proposed some challenging topics to the sciences, covering the process of lake evolution and the quantitative analysis of human impacts, in -lake nutrient cycling an biogeo-chemical process, the process and mechanisms of material flow in lake-watershed system, digital watershed and the modeling of the surface process of lake -watershed, and ecosystem health and scientific management of lake-watershed.     

湖泊扇三角洲的重要特性

湖泊扇三角洲作为重要的油气储集体广泛分布于我国东部含油盆地中，文章在分析湖泊扇三角洲形成条件的基础上，指出扇三角洲发育前缘席状砂，阐述了湖泊三角洲的岩性，结构，沉积构造以及地球物理特性，建立了区域性沉积模式，研究表明，前缘席状砂是良好地油气勘探目标。     

东平湖轮虫群落与水质评价

报道了东平湖轮虫群落结构特征及数量的季节变动,并依据调查结果,采用“指示生物法”“生物指数法”和“Ｒ．Ｍａｒｇａｌｅｆ多样性指数法”评价该糊水质状况及营养化程度,研究表明,轮虫对水体污染具有较好的指示作用,东平湖水质属于寡污－β中污至β中污型,且各采样站水质污染程度有的差别。     

山丹湖环境水化学特征的主因子分析

用因子分析法和相关的统计方法研究了山丹湖的富营养化特征,从原始数据的相关矩阵出发,提取了占总方差８２％的两个主因子,并对主因子作出合理的解释,主因子分析的结果表明,由氮营养化引起的污染是控制山丹湖营养化学特征的主要因子。     

武汉市湖泊演变与合理开发利用

武汉市湖泊是江汉湖群的一部分，属于浅水型湖泊。近50年来，湖泊面积和生态环境在自然因素和人为活动影响下发生了深刻的变化。该通过分析，揭示了在自然条件下，湖泊环境变化主要受气候和河流水位的影响；在人为因素中，主要是受圈垦和城市化的影响，而主导因素是人类活动。在湖泊的开发利用方面，本考虑到武汉市所面临的环境问题，确定湖泊的主导功能应以生态服务为主，开发与保护相结合，以实现湖泊资源的可持续发展利用。     

Holocene lake deposits of Bosten Lake, southern Xinjiang, China

A 9.25-m-long sediment core from Bosten Lake,Xinjiang, provides detailed information about changes in the water budget and biological acticity over the last 8400 cal-endar years. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the terrestrial plant remains. Based onanalyses of TOC, CO3, detrital compounds and biogenic SiO2,lake level fluctuations and periods of remarkably-negative water budget appeared at 8.4-8.2 cal ka, 7.38-7.25 cal ka,5.7-5.5 cal ka, 3.7-3.4 cal ka and 3.3-2.9 cal ka, respec-tively. As they are in-phase with low lake levels at Sumxl Co and Bangong Co in western Tibet Plateau and with paleo-lakes in Inner Mongolia, a climate-induced change to some-what drier and warmer conditions is inferred. A further drop in lake level after 1320 AD of about 200 yr duration may heattributed to a negative water balance prior to the main phase of the Little Ice Age. Deep and stable lake phases of 1500 yr and 1800 yr duration at 7.2-5.7 cal ka and 5.5-3.7cal ka coincide with maximum moisture during the Holocene Megathermai in China. The long term trend towards aridity since about 4.3 cal ka can dearly be recognised. The reduced water budget of Bosten Lake from 640-1200 AD may be attributed to local effects.     

Temperature variations on the Tibetan Plateau over the last two millennia

The paleoclimate data recovered from ice cores,tree rings and lake sediments indicate regional features of cfimatic change on the Tibeta n Plateau (TP) during the last 2000 years. The composite temperature reconstructions in-dicate that several main climatic episodes, such as the “LittleIce Age“ between 1400 and 1900, the “Medieval Warm Pe-riod“ in 1150-1400, a less warm period in 800-1100, and an earlier cold period between the 3rd and 5th centuries,occurred in the TP. In addition, temperature varied from region to region. The period from AD 800 to 1100, which waswarm in northeastern TP, was contemporaneous with cool-ing in the western and southern TP. The southern TP ex-perienced warming between 1150 and 1400. For western TP,the δ^18O records of the Guliya ice core indicate that the pe-Hod 1250-1500 witnessed a clear warming. Large-scaletrends in the temperature history from northeastern TP aremore similar to those in eastern China than are the trendsfrom the Guliya ice cap far to the west and southern TP. The most prominent similarities between the temperature varia-tions of the TP and eastern China are such cold phases as 1100-1150, 1500-1550, 1650-1700 and 1800-1850, andthe latter three cold events match with three widespreadg lacial advances which occurred on the TP during the Little Ice A2e.     

我国南方的生态特点及其保护措施

经济的飞速发展，带来的副作用是生态环境的破坏。章以湖北省为研究对象，指出我国南方生态环境的特点和由于追求经济发展而日益突出的四个主要生态问题，并且针对这些问题提出保护措施。     

湖泊沉积研究中一种定量估算陆源有机碳的方法

湖泊沉积研究中常把总有机质含量(TOM)或总有机碳含量(TOC)作为判识湖泊环境的一个重要指标.事实上,湖泊沉积物中的有机碳来源广泛,简单地可分出内源和陆源两部分.     

湖泊原生碳酸盐化学沉积模型及其应用

对湖泊原生碳酸盐化学沉积体系的模型化作了初步的尝试，并把经与对胜利油区早第三纪的古老营湖的研究相结合，定量化地探讨了古东营湖中的由气候的旋回性变化所控制的富碳酸盐／富碎屑物的韵律沉积现象。