NPP distribution related to the terrains along the North-South Transect of Eastern China

Vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) is defined as the accumulative amount of organic matters per unit area and time, which is calculated from the difference between accumulative photosynthesis and accumulative autotrophic respiration by green plants. Since the NPP reflects the physiological and ecological characteristics of the plants and the interactive results of the environmental factors, it is an important index to evaluate a structure of ecological system, functional features and …     

河北省御道口牧场气候生产潜力估算

御道口牧场位于河北省围场县北部坝上地区,是河北省畜牧业生产的重要产区.根据牧场多年降水和气温等气象观测资料,同时考虑地形因素和最小面积的限制,对御道口牧场的气候生产潜力进行了估算.得出牧场的气候生产潜力在3.75～5 t·hm-2·a-1之间,牧场内适合发展人工草地的平地和缓坡(＜5°)约占总土地面积的76.5%.     

The terrestrial NPP simulations in China since Last Glacial Maximum

Based on Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model （AVIM）, the magnitude and spatial distribution of terrestrial net primary productivity （NPP） in China is simulated during three different geological eras, Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）, Mid-Holocene （MH） and the present. The simulation shows that the glacial-interglacial variation of East Asian summer monsoon in China is the key factor affectfng the NPP change. During the three eras, mean NPPs are 208 g/m^2·a, 409 g/m^2·a, and 355 g/m^2·a. The total NPPs are 2.05 Pg/a, 3.89 Pg/a and 3.33 Pg/a, respectively. The terrestrial NPP in China during warm-humid climate is larger than that during cold-arid eras, and the correlation analysis between NPP and climate factors suggests that temperature is the primary factor affecting the terrestrial NPP during 21 kaBP （LGM）, and for 6 kaBP （MH） and the present the primary factor is precipitation.     

Simulation of maximum light use efficiency for some typical vegetation types in China

MAXIMUM LIGHT USE EFFICIENCY(ΕMAX)IS THE USE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION BY VEGETATION IN AN IDEAL CONDITION WITHOUT ANY CONSTRAINTS.IT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTE OF PLANT ITSELF.THE VALUE OFΕMAX IS DIFFERENT FOR DIFFERENT VEGETATION TYPES[1―5].IT IS A KEY PARAMETER FOR THE ESTIMATION OF NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY(NPP)DRIVEN WITH REMOTE SENSING DATA.THERE…     

HIs classification in HCR model for operator reliability study of nuclear power plants

The human cognition reliability model is used to study time-related human response interaction (HI). The classification of HI types is an important base. At present, the two types of HIS classification (i.e. SRK classification and CP classification) are based on subjective or objective characteristics respectively by which some phenomena can be hardly explained. Since the types were limited, they could not meet the requirements. The integrate approach of HIs classification is compatible with the original methods, and HIs are classified according to subjective and objective characteristics. The integrate approach contains more detailed types and has higher precision. It is more advantageous and convenient for the classification of HIs. The integrate approach has been used in the study of operator reliability for nuclear power plants in China. The results were satisfactory, and by which the integrate approach was verified.     

2000-2006年松嫩平原农田生产力时空特征与影响因素研究

利用MOD17A3数据集2000-2006年年均NPP（净初级生产力）数据,对松嫩平原农田生产力时空特征与影响因素进行分析。主要结论如下：①松嫩平原旱田空间分布梯度特征明显,由西向东生产力呈递增趋势。旱田占农田总面积的90.17%,低、中、高产旱田面积分别为93170km2、23963km2和18866km2,占旱田总面积比例分别为68.51%、17.62%和13.87%。低、中、高产水田面积分别为1567km2、12171km2和1091km2,占水田总面积比例分别为10.57%、82.08%和7.35%。②2000-2006年,松嫩平原旱田和水田NPP变化趋势基本一致,总体均呈微弱的下降趋势,2000-2003年和2004-2006年为两个相似的NPP增加阶段。③气温与旱田和水田均呈极微弱的负相关关系,对旱田和水田生长存在微弱的抑制作用。降水与旱田和水田平均NPP相关系数分别为0.371和0.285,对旱田和水田生长的影响比气温明显,是影响松嫩平原农作物生产的主要因素。     

呼伦贝尔草原产草量及载畜平衡研究

净初级生产力(NPP)是确定草地载畜量的一个重要参数.利用MODIS遥感数据,采用改进的光能利用率模型对呼伦贝尔地区2006年草地生态系统的NPP进行估算,并利用2006年实测样方数据对其模型进行验证.呼伦贝尔地区草地生态系统2006年NPP总量为2.9×1013gC,平均值为261.01 gC/m2.然后根据模拟的NPP数据对理论载畜量进行估算,与2006年呼伦贝尔市统计年鉴提供的各旗市年中牲畜数量进行对比,得到各旗市的超载放牧情况.呼伦贝尔地区在2006年理论载畜量为765.41万头羊单位,实际载畜量为1 838.45万头,总超载量为1 073.04万头.超载量比较重的旗市为:阿荣旗325...     

我国首台核电站模拟器计算机的升级和软件移植

本文介绍了１９８５年我国从美国引进的第一台全范围核电站模拟器，由于计算机的升档所带来的整套拟器软件系统的移植工作。文中介绍了该模拟器的硬件和软件的主要结构，并着重介绍了软件移植过程中遇到的主要问题和解决这些问题的方法。     

核电站安全壳钢衬壳环的屈曲研究

核电站安全壳内的钢衬在机械载荷或热载荷作用下,受到环向压力和轴向压力,过大的压力会导致钢衬的屈曲变形,进而使钢材发生局部破裂,丧失其限制放射性物质泄漏的作用。为研究锚固于核电站重要设施安全壳混凝土壁上的圆完环在环向压力作用下的屈曲问题,考虑到一般大径厚比的壳环其最大屈曲挠度大于其厚度,应用非线性大挠度壳环方程,分析了锚固钢材壳环的局部屈曲和全域屈曲的后屈曲性态,获得了完整的后屈曲平衡路径,讨论了钢衬壁厚和锚固间距对屈曲性态的影响。结果指出,增大钢衬厚度、减小锚固间距能大大提高钢衬的承载能力,且试验结果说明理论分析是可行的。     

Influence of DC Supply Systems on Unplanned Reactor Trips in Nuclear Power Plants

IntroductionMany factors influence the economics ofnuclear power plants.Unplanned reactor trips arethe most important factors,so it has beeninvestigated from various aspects because oftheirinfluence on the operating capacity factor inNuclear Power Plants ( NPPs ) .Operationalexperience has shown thatsome components in theNPPs are so importantthattheir failure may causethe entire plantto shutdown.Such shutdowns haveoften occurred in the pastin the NPPs.So,nuclearpowerplantauthorities have…