The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H2S formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir, China

Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2S is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2S concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2S and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2S. Recently, researches show that H2S is only a necessary condition of H2S formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2S and CO2, and the H2S formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2S has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2S preservation are the prerequisite of H2S distribu- tion prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2S-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2S-bearing.     

溶剂萃取法制备碳酸盐的热力学讨论

向金属氯化物(Ⅰ)的水溶液中通入CO_2气体,以期制备相应的碳酸盐和酸式碳酸盐,在常温常压下,体系的△G>0,反应几乎是不可能的。向反应体系中加入有机溶剂(S),使生成的HCl即被萃取,可促进Ⅰ的继续转化。分析计算表明,S对HCl必须有很强的萃取能力,其K_萃须在10~5以上。研究了加入有机溶剂N_(235)前后,体系的热力学状态、函数及其变化。加入N_(235)后,K_萃值增大了5个数量级。考察了温度、时间和通气次数对系统热力学性质的影响。根据反应的耦合原理和热力学分析,提出萃取剂选择的原则。结合实验数据的估算说明:溶剂萃取法由Ⅰ和CO_2制备碳酸盐的工艺路线是可行的。     

用强碱性阴离子交换树脂从碳酸盐溶液中回收铀的研究 2.U(Ⅵ)在溶液相与树脂相的化学状态

在过量碳酸盐存在的Ｕ（Ⅵ）溶液中,Ｕ（Ⅵ）的化学状态与溶液的ｐＨ值有关,当ｐＨ＞８时,Ｕ（Ⅵ）以［ＵＯ２（ＣＯ３）３］４－离子存在．吸附于树脂相的Ｕ（Ⅵ）的化学状态也与供吸附的料液的ｐＨ值有关,当ｐＨ＞９时,Ｕ（Ⅵ）才完全以［ＵＯ２（ＣＯ３）３］４－吸附于树脂相．当ｐＨ在６．５～８．０范围时,Ｕ（Ⅵ）在溶液中还可能以［ＵＯ２（ＣＯ３）２］２－或Ｈｎ［ＵＯ２（ＣＯ３）３］ｎ－４形式存在,而Ｕ（Ⅵ）以［ＵＯ２（ＣＯ３）２］２－形式吸附于树脂相的可能性很小,它主要以Ｕ２Ｏ２－７的形式吸附于树脂相．     

柴达木盆地西部第三系碳酸盐岩层的古生物特征

柴达木盆地西部第三系的碳酸盐岩层中发现有藻类、介形虫、有孔虫、腹足类、多毛类等化石.除藻类外各种生物的数量都比较少.生物具有个体小,壳体构造简单,多样性低等特点.所有生物都属于广盐性生物.根据该区古生物特征分析和与其它地区的对比,认为当时该区生物生长于内陆半咸化湖至咸化湖环境,而不是海相或海陆过渡相环境.参11.     

熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阴极材料制备与导电性

研究了熔融碳酸盐燃料电池（MCFC）阴极材料锂铁氧化物电极的导电性能。实验结果表明在合成锂铁氧化物的过程中，使Li2CO3轻微过量，可以提高锂铁氧化物电极的导电性。在同一温度下，随着Li:Fe值的增大，锂铁氧化物电极的导电性增加。相同Li:Fe条件下，锂铁氧化物电极的导电性随着温度升高按指数规律增加。扫描电镜研究（SEM）表明，Li:Fe比值不同，制备的锂铁氧化物电极表面形貌也不同。     

湖泊原生碳酸盐化学沉积模型及其应用

对湖泊原生碳酸盐化学沉积体系的模型化作了初步的尝试，并把经与对胜利油区早第三纪的古老营湖的研究相结合，定量化地探讨了古东营湖中的由气候的旋回性变化所控制的富碳酸盐／富碎屑物的韵律沉积现象。     

烃源岩中烷基二苯并噻吩组成及其地球化学意义

对一个海相地层的实际剖面进行了研究，发现烃源岩芳烃馏分中烷基二苯并噻吩和烷基苯并萘噻吩的相对丰度与碳酸盐矿物含量间有良好的正相关性．不同岩性中含硫芳烃相对丰度的变化顺序是：碳酸盐岩＞泥灰岩＞泥质岩．在深度剖面上，二苯并噻吩（ＤＢＴ）与甲基二苯并噻吩（ＭＤＢＴ）呈消长关系。４－ＭＤＢＴ和２＋３－ＭＤＢＴ的相对丰度随埋深增加而增加．１－ＭＤＢＴ则随之下降，４－ＭＤＢＴ／１－ＭＤＢＴ值和２＋３－ＭＤＢＴ／１－ＭＤＢＴ值能较好地反映有机质的热演化程度．     

Analysis of carbon isotopes in airborne carbonate and implications for aeolian sources

Methods were developed to determine the mass ratios of carbon isotopes in trace amounts of aerosol carbonate. A Finnigan MAT 252 mass spectrometer fitted with an on-line Kiel device was to determine the ^13C/^12C ratio in CO2 produced from the carbonate. A study using these methods was conducted to characterize the carbonate carbon isotopes in aerosol samples collected in Xi‘an on dusty and normal days during March and April 2002. Results of the study demonstrate that insights into the origin of the dust can be deduced from its isotopic composition. That is, the δ^13C ofcarbonate for dust storm samples ranged from -1.4‰ to -4.2‰, and this is consistent with sandy materials in dust source regions upwind. In contrast, for non-dusty days δ^13C ranged from -7.5% to -9.3‰, which is more similar to fine particles emitted from local surface soils. Comparisons of dust storm aerosols with surface soils from source regions and with aerosol samples collected downwind indicate that the δ^13C values did not change appreciably during longrange transport. Therefore, carbon isotopes have the potential for distinguishing among source materials, and this approach provides a powerful new tool for identifying dust provenance.     

洞穴次生碳酸盐沉积稳定碳同位素研究

对国内外有关洞穴石笋稳定碳同位素值（13C,其计算公式为:13C = （Rsamp/Rstd - 1）*1000,Rsamp和Rstd分别为样品和标准的碳同位素比值）的研究成果进行了梳理和归纳总结,介绍了影响石笋13C值变化的因素（如植被（包括植被类型和生物量效应）、土壤过程、大气CO2、岩溶地下水水文（包括地下水的水动力条件、水-岩相互作用和先期碳酸盐沉积等）,同时介绍了一些模型研究中对影响石笋13C值的某些具体气候环境因素（如滴水快慢或时间间隔、通风强度、地下水流动路径等）进行的定量评估. 综合迄今为止洞穴石笋13C值的研究成果,指出洞穴内滴水的CO2去气作用可能是影响石笋13C值变化的关键机制,建议在今后的研究中对此给予高度关注.     

珠江口盆地靖海凹陷始新世海相断陷的地震反射证据探讨

结合前人研究成果,对靖海凹陷裂谷期的构造背景进行分析,并运用地震地层学和地震沉积学的方法对始新世文昌组的层序格架样式和大型强振幅砂体的成因进行讨论。研究表明:靖海凹陷与礼地块在始新世时期位置相邻,处于古南海北部的大陆边缘,且靖海凹陷始新世向海的伸展量大于海相沉积的礼乐地块;靖海凹陷始新世断陷层序内部可见与水平面快速上升的视削截反射,这与断陷作用引起的快速海平面上升有关;文昌组底部可解释出沿构造高部位分布的大型沿岸沙坝沉积,这与波浪控制下的砂质碎屑海岸沉积有关。