3~k元域上的三次方程根的简况

Ｆ是一个３ｋ元域，ｘ３＋ａｘ２＋ｂｘ＋ｃ＝０是Ｆ上的三次方程。该文证明方程ｘ３＋ａｘ２＋ｂｘ＋ｃ＝０在Ｆ中有一根，或一根与二重根，或三个互异的根，或没有根。     

含第三对称平均值比的一个不等式及其应用

借助于数学归纳法建立了含第三对称平均值比的一个不等式 ,并将此结果用于正定矩阵 ,获得了一个有趣的结果 .     

Bromocriptine-induced removal of endoplasmic membranes from prolactinoma cells

Summary Adenomatous prolactin cells lose 39% of their cytoplasm volume within 7 days after the beginning of bromocriptine treatment. A simultaneous reduction of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus occurs. Their membranes are removed by rapid transport along the secretory pathway to the cell surface and to lysosomal destruction.We thank Prof. E. del Pozo, Sandoz Ltd, Basle, for the generous gift of injectable bromocriptine, Prof. E.R. Weibel, Dept. of Anatomy, University of Bern, for his technical advice, Dr U. Helfenstein, Institute of Biostatistics, University of Zürich, for his help in the statistical evaluation of the results and the EMDO-Foundation, Zürich, for financial support.     

Selective protection of cells against X-irradiation. Isoproterenol protects only those cells that possesβ-adrenoreceptors

Summary In mixed culture of Chinese hamster fibroblatst, clone 431, and transformed murine L fibroblasts, clone B-82, isoproterenol was found to protect only 431 cells against ionizing radiation. It was shown that 431 cells, in contrast to B-82 cells, possessk34x06300v7/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-adrenoreceptors, and the radioprotective effect of isoproterenol can be realized only if this agent interacts withk34x06300v7/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-adrenoreceptors coupled with the cAMP system. Since malignization often causes the disappearance ofk34x06300v7/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-adrenergic and other hormone receptors, the combined culturing and irradiation of the cells studied can be regarded as a model of the growth of malignant cells (B-82) among normal tissue cells (431 cells) under conditions of radiation therapy. A possibility of selective protection against radiation damage of normal tissue cells, with retention of the former radiosensitivity of tumor cells, is discussed.     

Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection

Summary Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disporven some of the central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the k18t6791862nq1/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">sexy sonk18t6791862nq1/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> hypothesis. These results suggest that the k18t6791862nq1/xxlarge8220.gif" alt="ldquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">good genesk18t6791862nq1/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> approach to sexual selection may generally lead to erroneous results.Runaway sexual selection seems possible under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantittive genetic models have revealed runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes, empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen. Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population.The models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection. Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced results that parallel the results of the polygenic models^36–38,58. Thus the feature of indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to both types of model.     

Energy flow and community structure in freshwater ecosystems

The goal of this article is twofold: 1) It aims at providing an overview on some major results obtained from energy flow studies in individuals, populations, and communities, and 2) it will also focus on major mechanisms explaining community structures. The basis for any biological community to survive and establish a certain population density is on the one hand energy fixation by primary producers together with adequate nutrient supply and the transfer of energy between trophic levels (k25p166041m/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">bottom-up effectk25p166041m/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">). On the other hand, predator pressures may strongly control prey population densities one or more trophic levels below (k25p166041m/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">top-down effectk25p166041m/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">). Other interpopulation effects include competition, chemical interactions and evolutionary genetic processes, which further interact and result in the specific structuring of any community with respect to species composition and population sizes.     

金华地区虎纹蛙消化道形态解剖学观察

对金华地区虎纹蛙消化道各部进行了形态解剖学观察.结果表明:虎纹蛙消化道较为明显地分为口咽腔、食道、胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、直肠和泄殖腔.同时,对其主要的消化腺肝脏和胰脏进行了观察与测量.观察分析表明虎纹蛙消化道的结构与其食性是相适应的.     

k阶伴随矩阵C*k(AB)的性质

对于给定的数域F上的n阶矩阵A,给出并证明了k阶子式阵Ck(AB)的伴随矩阵C*k(AB)的一个性质:C*k(AB)=C*k(B)C*k(A),从而使一般意义下的伴随矩阵的性质(AB)*=(B)*(A)*得到推广.     

射流悬浮床气固两相流动的数值模拟

从多相流多流体模型、气相湍流k-ε模型与颗粒湍流k_p模型出发,对底部向上射流悬浮床内气固两相流动进行数值模拟,得到了不同入口气速下各截面的颗粒相速度场、颗粒相脉动速度场的分布,结果与实验定性一致。计算结果与实验值对比的结果表明,数值模拟对进一步的研究有指导意义。数值结果与实测值间存在的差异则有待于进行直接三维流动模拟、进一步考察更为合理的边界条件及应用更先进的模型来解决。