高保真电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术模拟

电视胸腔镜(VATS, Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery)肺叶切除术仿真系统对外科医生手术培训及规划具有重要价值。为实现高保真电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术的模拟,设计了一套有效模拟VATS手术过程中不同手术操作的肺叶切除术模拟器。采用基于位置的动力学仿真框架实现了手术器械-软组织和软组织间交互作用、软组织切割以及手术缝合操作引起的变形模拟;并采用了Marching Cubes算法对模型进行面绘制,尤其是切割操作的渲染;使用GPU并行计算的方法加速手术模拟和面绘制。实验结果表明,本文方法可实现高保真、稳定、高效的VATS手术仿真效果。     

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS） for bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Objective： To review our experience of the treatment of bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothorax （PSP） by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS）. Materials and methods： Retrospective chart review was followed by an on-clinic or telephone interview. Patients were cared for by one thoracic surgeon in four medical centers or community hospitals in Northern and Central Taiwan. Thirteen patients with bilateral PSP underwent bilateral VATS simultaneously or sequentially from July 1994 to December 2005. Results： Twelve males and one female, with age ranging from 15 to 36 years （mean 23.1 years）, were treated with VATS for bilateral PSP, under the indications of bilateral pneumothoracis simultaneously （n=4） or sequentially （n=9）. The interval between the first and second contra-lateral VATS procedure for non-simultaneous PSP patients ranged from 7 d to 6 years. Eleven of 13 patients （84.6%） had prominent pulmonary bullae/blebs, and underwent bullae resection with mechanical or chemical pleurodesis. The mean operative time was （45.6±18.3） min （range 25-96 min） and （120.6±28.7） min （range 84-166 min） respectively for the non-simultaneous （second VATS for the recurrence of contralateral side after first VATS） and simultaneous （bilateral VATS in one operation） procedures. There was no postoperative mortality. However, prolonged air leakage （〉7 d） occurred in one patient （7.7%） who recovered after conservative treatment. The mean duration of chest tube drainage was 3.1 d and the median follow up period was 3.4 years. Conclusions： VATS is a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of bilateral PSP. Bilateral VATS is only recommended for patients with simultaneously bilateral PSP, because the incidence of recurrence, even with visible bullae, was not so high in my group and in some previous literature. Bilateral VATS in a supine position should only be used in selective cases, because of possible pleural adhesion or hidden bullae on the posterior si     

全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术治疗支气管扩张及对患者动脉血气影响的研究

目的探讨全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术治疗支气管扩张的效果及其对患者动脉血气的影响.方法选取146例肺叶切除术治疗支气管扩张患者,按照手术方式不同分为观察组和对照组,对照组73例患者采用传统开胸手术,观察组73例患者进行全胸腔镜手术,比较两组患者的手术效果及术后动脉血气情况.结果观察组总有效率为94.52%,相比对照组(89.04%)差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者手术时间和术后住院时间均短于对照组患者,术中出血量和术后胸腔引流量较对照组有较大幅度减少,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后第1天和第3天,两组患者的PaO_2水平存在显著统计学意义(P0.05),其余时间点两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);手术前及术后不同时间点观察组和对照组患者的PaCO_2和pH水平变化不明显,不同时间点两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05).结论全腔镜下肺叶切除术治疗支气管扩张较传统开胸手术损伤轻微、出血量少、术后恢复快,有较好的治疗效果,对患者的动脉血气影响也相对较小,并发症发生率较低,具有临床研究与应用价值.