理工科高层次人才对青年教师学术成长的引领机制研究

以国家及教育部重点实验室为例,采用质性研究方法探讨了理工科科研团队中高层次人才对青年教师学术成长的引领机制,研究发现:高层次人才通过优势积累和学术声誉为团队的发展吸引科研经费等资源,为青年教师的早期成长提供了相对较多机会;通过自身发展经历和学术经验为实验室确立比较前沿与前景较好的科研方向,宏观把控着科研团队的发展节奏;运用战略型与变革型领导方式充分调动青年教师的主观能动性,激励青年教师树立远大的学术理想和科研目标;通过自身学术优势与学术联系构建较为紧密的科研合作网络推动团队成员内部合作、跨校合作、国际合作等,为团队青年教师提供更多机会、平台和资源;通过营造平等融洽的团队氛围、配置先进一流的科研条件等手段不断完善实验室的科研环境,推动青年教师全身心地从事科研和教学工作.建议在宏观政策层面上,要丰富和发展高层次人才考核评价和管理培训等相关政策,关注高层次人才对科研团队及青年教师的引领与带动作用;在微观管理层面,高层次人才要加强自身的领导能力和管理水平,推动建设良好的科研环境和可持续发展的科研团队.     

粉末冶金法制备混杂增强铜基复合材料的增强体竞争析出行为研究

Copper matrix composites reinforced by in situ-formed hybrid titanium boride whiskers (TiB_w) and titanium diboride particles (TiB_2p) were fabricated by powder metallurgy. Microstructural observations showed competitive precipitation behavior between TiB_w and TiB_2p, where the relative contents of the two reinforcements varied with sintering temperature. Based on thermodynamic and kinetic assessments, the precipitation mechanisms of the hybrid reinforcements were discussed, and the formation of both TiB_w and TiB_2p from the local melting zone was thermodynamically favored. The precipitation kinetics were mainly controlled by a solid-state diffusion of B atoms. By forming a compact compound layer, in situ reactions were divided into two stages, where Zener growth and Dybkov growth prevailed, respectively. Accordingly, the competitive precipitation behavior was attributed to the transition of the growth model during the reaction process.     

斜坡桩-土体系动力p-y曲线影响因素分析

碎石土斜坡场地桩-土体系动力相互关系及其主要影响因素的研究成果鲜少。基于此，本文以西南地区穿越典型地形地貌和地基土大类的某一线路工程为例，调研分析斜坡桩基震害特点，并采用FLAD3D建立斜坡桩-土体系分析模型，研究斜坡桩-土体系动力p-y曲线的影响因素。获得了动力荷载作用下碎石土斜坡动力p-y曲线基本特点，建议了以滞回圈极值点或拐点绘制骨干曲线的方法，进一步归结出动力p-y曲线的刚度、桩土相互作用力、桩土相对位移及曲线滞回圈面积与埋深、桩径、碎石土相对密度和斜坡坡度的关系，最终引入桩侧土反力的桩径影响因子FD、土性密度影响因子FM、斜坡坡度影响因子Fβ，用于描述上述因素对桩侧土反力影响情况。以上研究成果可以更好的表述碎石土斜坡桩基在地震荷载作用下的桩-土体系间相互关系。     

湍流等离子体发生器工作特性实验

为了指导湍流等离子体发生器的结构设计,基于自行研制的两路进气式湍流等离子体发生器,采用实验的手段探究了主气和保护气流量对湍流等离子体发生器工作特性(热效率、热焓值、弧压)的影响。实验结果表明:湍流等离子体发生器的弧压随着主气流量的增加而升高,而受保护气流量的影响很小;另外,弧压随着弧电流增加而降低。湍流等离子体发生器的热效率随着主气流量的增加而升高,但随着弧电流的增加而降低;保护气流量对热效率的影响随着弧电流的增加而逐渐减小。湍流等离子体发生器的热焓值随着主气和保护气流量的增加而减小,但随着弧电流的增加而增加,且最后趋于一个稳定值。在湍流等离子体发生器工作过程中,其平均弧压高达160 V,产生的高电压、低电流的伏安特性有助于提高湍流等离子体发生器的电极使用寿命。     

Variable Selection via Generalized SELO-Penalized Cox Regression Models

The seamless-L_0(SELO) penalty is a smooth function that very closely resembles the L_0 penalty, which has been demonstrated theoretically and practically to be effective in nonconvex penalization for variable selection. In this paper, the authors first generalize the SELO penalty to a class of penalties retaining good features of SELO, and then develop variable selection and parameter estimation in Cox models using the proposed generalized SELO(GSELO) penalized log partial likelihood(PPL) approach. The authors show that the GSELO-PPL procedure possesses the oracle property with a diverging number of predictors under certain mild, interpretable regularity conditions. The entire path of GSELO-PPL estimates can be efficiently computed through a smoothing quasi-Newton(SQN) with continuation algorithm. The authors propose a consistent modified BIC(MBIC) tuning parameter selector for GSELO-PPL, and show that under some regularity conditions, the GSELOPPL-MBIC procedure consistently identifies the true model. Simulation studies and real data analysis are conducted to evaluate the finite sample performance of the proposed method.     

Guaranteed Cost Finite-Time Control of Fractional-Order Nonlinear Positive Switched Systems with D-Perturbations via MDADT

This paper is concerned with the problem of guaranteed cost finite-time control of fractionalorder nonlinear positive switched systems(FONPSS) with D-perturbation. Firstly, the proof of the positivity of FONPSS with D-perturbation is given, the definition of guaranteed cost finite-time stability is firstly given in such systems. Then, by constructing linear copositive Lyapunov functions and using the mode-dependent average dwell time(MDADT) approach, a static output feedback controller is constructed, and sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee that the corresponding closed-loop system is guaranteed cost finite-time stable(GCFTS). Such conditions can be easily solved by linear programming. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Mechanical behavior of a near α titanium alloy under dynamic compression: Characterization and modeling

Dynamic compression tests under strain rates from 870 s^?1 to 2100 s^?1 were conducted for a near α Ti–8Al–1Mo–1V titanium alloy with equiaxed microstructure. Compression behavior, adiabatic shearing and band microstructure were investigated via characterization and calculation. The results demonstrate that all dynamic constitutive curves exhibited obvious stress fluctuation phenomenon with double increase-decrease changing stages at the primary stage of compression. The dislocation multiplication theory can be used to explain this phenomenon. After the stress fluctuation period, work hardening coexisted with the thermal softening, resulting in the slow hardening tendency in constitutive curves. J-C model was utilized to quantify the dynamic constitutive curves. The deviations between the predicted and experimental curves under high strain rates may be attributed to the over-consideration of thermal softening effect in J-C model. Adiabatic shearing band (ASB) began to form under the strain rate of 2100 s^?1. A total shearing strain of 8.1 within ASB achieved in 8.9 μs, corresponding to a local strain rate of about 9.1 × 10⁵ s^?1 and is over 430 times of the macro strain rate. Post annealing was conducted on ASB before EBSD characterization. Due to the static recrystallization during annealing, the α phase within ASB generally presented as ultra-fine grains less than 1 μm in diameter.     

贵州山核桃ISSR-PCR反应体系建立及优化

为建立贵州山核桃ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系,采用单因素试验的方法,对影响ISSR-PCR反应体系的模板DNA浓度、MgCl2浓度、d NTPs浓度、Taq酶用量、引物浓度等各因素进行了研究,确立了贵州山核桃ISSR-PCR的最佳反应体系。结果显示:最优反应体系的模板DNA浓度为40ng/u L、引物浓度为0.3umol/L、Mg2+的浓度2.9mmol/L、酶浓度0.3U、d NTPs浓度0.2mmol/L,退火温度为54℃。建立该反应体系可为贵州山核桃ISSR标记开发、物种分类鉴定、遗传图谱构建等后续分析奠定基础。     

气膜条件下车厢表面摩擦阻力计算理论研究

针对气膜条件下厢式运输车厢体表面摩擦阻力减小的实验结果,分别提出边界层加厚理论、混合降速理论、边界层加厚-混合降速理论3种理论来研究空气介质中空气膜的减阻机理,建立了气膜条件下厢式运输车厢体表面气流摩擦阻力计算模型,定性对比分析了厢体表面在有气膜和无气膜条件下各自所受到的气流摩擦阻力.结果表明,有气膜时摩擦阻力减小,这一结果与笔者前期的实验研究结果趋于一致,为气膜减阻在厢体表面减阻中的实际应用提供了理论基础.     

铁素体/珠光体界面对耐酸管线钢氢致开裂敏感性的影响

利用OM、SEM、EBSD、TEM等手段,分别对热轧态和退火态耐酸管线钢的微观组织、晶界分布、位错及析出相进行表征,测试了不同组织管线钢的氢致开裂(HIC)敏感性,计算分析了有效氢扩散系数、氢陷阱密度及其对不同组织的氢捕获效率,重点探讨了铁素体/珠光体(F/P)界面对耐酸管线钢HIC敏感性的影响。结果表明,随着管线钢珠光体含量的增加,F/Fe_3C界面及F/P界面越多,二者作为不可逆氢陷阱会阻碍氢的扩散,提高氢的捕获效率,有效氢扩散系数降低,管线钢的HIC敏感性提高;F/P界面附近位错的聚集会加速氢原子向高界面能的F/P界面聚集,使氢致裂纹起始于F/P界面处,并沿着F/P界面扩展。