Der Nachweis praecipitierender Casein-Antikörper im Agar

Summary It is possible to demonstrate antibodies against casein in the serum by the Ouchterlony technique. It is a simple technique and needs only a small amount of serum. In a few cases we could demonstrate antibodies against casein in sera, in which the hemagglutination-technique did not show positive results. In some cases, however, sera which were positive in hemagglutination-tests gave negative results by the Ouchterlony technique. The possibility is discussed that by the two techniques different kinds of casein-antibodies can be detected.

---

---

Für die Durchführung der serologischen Untersuchungen sind wir FräuleinChristine Dyballa und FräuleinIrene v. Schweinichen zu grossem Dank verpflichtet.     

Steroids. The stereochemistry of Grignard additions to steroidal ketones

Zusammenfassung Die Anlagerung von Methylmagnesiumhalogeniden an unkonjugierte sechsgliedrige Ringketone der Steroidreihe ergibt bei ungehinderten Ketonen ungefähr eine 1:1-Mischung von axialen und äquatorialen Alkoholen. Mit zunehmender sterischer Hinderung des Ketons bildet sich, ähnlich wie bei Reduktionen mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid, mehr vom axialen Alkohol.     

The genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum

The social amoebae are exceptional in their ability to alternate between unicellular and multicellular forms. Here we describe the genome of the best-studied member of this group, Dictyostelium discoideum. The gene-dense chromosomes of this organism encode approximately 12,500 predicted proteins, a high proportion of which have long, repetitive amino acid tracts. There are many genes for polyketide synthases and ABC transporters, suggesting an extensive secondary metabolism for producing and exporting small molecules. The genome is rich in complex repeats, one class of which is clustered and may serve as centromeres. Partial copies of the extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA (rDNA) element are found at the ends of each chromosome, suggesting a novel telomere structure and the use of a common mechanism to maintain both the rDNA and chromosomal termini. A proteome-based phylogeny shows that the amoebozoa diverged from the animal-fungal lineage after the plant-animal split, but Dictyostelium seems to have retained more of the diversity of the ancestral genome than have plants, animals or fungi.     

A rapid fluorescent solid-phase method for detecting antibodies against milk proteins and gliadin in different immunoglobulin classes

Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe einer neu entwickelten Methode (Bindung von Antigen an Agarose-Partikel, AK-Nachweis mit fluoreszierenden Anti-human-Ig-Seren) gelingt es auf einfache Art, Serum-AK gegen Gliadin und Milchproteine bei Coeliakiepatienten in verschiedenen Immunglobulinklassen nachzuweisen.

---

---

We gratefully acknowledge the able technical assistance of Mrs.Zain and Mrs.Cahn.     

The local anesthetic potency of norcocaine,a metabolite of cocaine

Summary The local anesthetic effects of cocaine and one of its main metabolites norcocaine, were investigated comparatively on isolated ganglion cells of the marine gastropod,Aplysia californica. During a 1-hour-period, different action potential parameters such as amplitude, duration, maximum rate of rise were observed, which demonstrated that norcocaine exhibits a higher local anesthetic potency than cocaine.Acknowledgments. The authors are grateful to Dr M. R. Klee and Dr M. R. Park for helpful discussion. The work was partly supported by Österreichischer Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung     

非线性和无序系统的集团动力学

非线性和无序系统的集团动力学在理论和实验物理中具有其固有的重要意义，非线性系统的动力学理论特别是远离平衡的动态性状的研究是过去几十年来理论物理的活跃的研究领域之一，非线性动力学的方法被应用于许多集团性状的研究。这些结果在现有文献特别是有关的研究生教材中没有被完全反映。本书汇集了2002年8月在德国Chemnitz技术大学举办的WE Heraeus夏季学校的专题讲座，对上述研究成果用统一的观点作了全面系统的论述，包括基本理论和典型应用，并注意适应研究生教学的需要。     

Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult human testis

Human primordial germ cells and mouse neonatal and adult germline stem cells are pluripotent and show similar properties to embryonic stem cells. Here we report the successful establishment of human adult germline stem cells derived from spermatogonial cells of adult human testis. Cellular and molecular characterization of these cells revealed many similarities to human embryonic stem cells, and the germline stem cells produced teratomas after transplantation into immunodeficient mice. The human adult germline stem cells differentiated into various types of somatic cells of all three germ layers when grown under conditions used to induce the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. We conclude that the generation of human adult germline stem cells from testicular biopsies may provide simple and non-controversial access to individual cell-based therapy without the ethical and immunological problems associated with human embryonic stem cells.