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1.
For this study, we synthesized Aurivillius Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramic using the generic solid-state reaction route and then performed room-temperature X-ray diffraction to confirm that the compound had a single phase with no impurities. The surface morphology of the prepared sample was observed to contain microstructural grains approximately 0.2–2 μm in size. The dielectric properties of the sample were determ-ined as a function of frequency in a range of approximately 100 Hz to 1 MHz at various temperatures (303 K ≤ T ≤ 773 K). Nyquist plots of the impedance data were found to exhibit a semi-circular arc in the high-temperature region, which is explained by the equivalent electrical circuit (R1C1)(R2QC2), where R1 and R2 represent the resistances associated with the grains and grain boundaries, respectively, C1 and C2 are the re-spective capacitances, and Q is the constant phase element (CPE), which accounts for non-Debye type of behavior. Our results indicate that both the resistance and capacitance of the grain boundaries are more prominent than those of the grains. The alternating current (ac) conductiv-ity data were analyzed based on the Jonscher universal power law, which indicated that the conduction process is dominated by the hopping mechanism. The calculated activation energies of the relaxation and conduction processes were very similar (0.32 to 0.53 eV), from which we conclude that the same type of charge carriers are involved in both processes.  相似文献   
2.
针对海上热采封窜的要求,采用环保型水溶性酚醛树脂为交联剂,与主剂栲胶和热稳定剂纳米材料复合研发了新型强化耐温冻胶.相比于传统冻胶,新型强化耐温冻胶的弹性模量得到大幅度提高.同时亲水性纳米材料的加入强化了冻胶对游离水的结合能力.当硅溶胶的用量达到4%时,250℃热处理30 d后无游离水析出.通过热采封窜物模实验对比了传统栲胶冻胶和强化耐温冻胶的封窜效果,物模结果表明强化耐温冻胶在老化60 d后,在250℃的条件下封堵率仍然大于80%;将冻胶至于渗透率2~10μm2的多孔介质中,连续冲刷24倍孔隙体积后,冻胶的封堵率下降小于10%.实验结果显示,新研制的耐温冻胶具有较强的耐冲刷性能和封堵持久性,可以作为一种满足热采封窜需求的高温热采封窜剂.  相似文献   
3.
Cobalt (Co)-modified brownmillerite KBiFe2O5 (KBFO; [KBiFe2(1?x)Co2xO5 (x = 0, 0.05)]) polycrystalline is synthesized following the solid-state reaction route. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data confirmed the phase purity of KBFO and KBiFe1.9Co0.1O5 (KBFCO). The optical bandgap energy (Eg) of KBFO decreased from 1.59 to 1.51 eV because of Co substitution. The decrease in bandgap can be attributed to the tilting of the Fe–O tetrahedral structure of KBFCO. The observed room-temperature Raman peaks of KBFCO shifted by 3 cm?1 toward a lower wavenumber than that of KBFO. The shift in Raman active modes can be attributed to the change in the bond angles and bond lengths of the Fe–O tetrahedral structure and modification in response to oxygen deficiency in KBFO because of Co doping. Compared with that of KBFO, the frequency-dependent dielectric constant and dielectric loss of KBFCO decrease at room temperature, which is a con-sequence of the reduction in oxygen migration and modification in response to vibrational modes present in the sample.  相似文献   
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5.
Dendritic silver and copper crystals were produced via Galvanic replacement reactions on zinc and aluminum plates, respectively. The growth orientations of these metals were determined using electron microscopy. The results showed that a fast crystal growth associated with a high concentration of metal cations led to kinetically controlled growth along the <112> axes of the cubic close-packed structures. However, a slow growth rate resulted in thermodynamically controlled growth along the [111] axis. The crystal growth was not found to rely upon the direct deposition of metal cations at crystallographic sites on crystal facets, but instead, hydrated metal cations deposited on the crystal surface to form an amorphous coating layer, followed by the reduction of metal cations and crystallization at the crystal/coating interface. Twin defects and stacking faults were often observed across the whole particle and commonly observed ?{422} diffraction spots were explained by stacking faults rather than by the possible presence of any superstructures. The present work offers evidences to claim that both the crystal growth rate and Coulomb interaction between negatively charged crystal surface and metal cations play an important role in the formation of metal dendrites in replacement reactions.  相似文献   
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7.
A total of 3109 crustaceans belonging to 50 taxa distributed in 42 families were found in 117 analysed stomachs of flying gurnard (Dactylopterus volitans). Samples were obtained in April 2008 by the R/V Gyre using a bottom trawl towed in 12 stations at 14–100 m depth on the continental shelf of the Campos Basin, Brazil. The carcinofauna was analysed and the order Calanoida (Copepoda) found to be the most important item in terms of relative abundance and frequency of occurrence, followed by the order Amphipoda (Peracarida), the infraorder Brachyura (Decapoda), the order Stomatopoda and the subclass Myodocopa (Ostracoda). In the order Calanoida, the species Pontellopsis cf. villosa (Pontellidae) represented 98.04% of total crustacean abundance. The diet of Dactylopterus volitans varied according to fish size, with higher diversity of Crustacea at smaller size classes, decreasing in larger fishes. A similar pattern regarding depth was obtained, with greater diversity of taxa in gurnard stomachs caught at shallower depths. Flying gurnard is considered a generalized carnivore of invertebrates, eating mobile macrobenthic organisms, such as crustaceans, and its diet varies with its life stage, without any specific group as its main food source.  相似文献   
8.
ABSTRACT

The genus Tanaostigma is newly recorded from the Afrotropical region and three new species are described: Tanaostigma lasallei van Noort sp. nov. (South Africa), Tanaostigma mulu van Noort sp. nov. (Kenya) and Tanaostigma ukumbusho van Noort sp. nov. (Kenya). We provide comprehensive images of the holotypes and an illustrated identification key to the African species. New country distribution records are provided for Tanaostigmodes tambotis Prinsloo & LaSalle, 1995. All images presented here as well as supplementary images and online keys are available on www.waspweb.org

www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:61D1A59D-3702-480A-B146-73067C29CD82  相似文献   
9.
This paper provides an account of the ‘use-value’ of case-based research by showing how social scientists exploit cases, and case studies, in a variety of practices of inference and extension. The critical basis for making such extensions relies on the power of a case, or the account given of a case (the case-study account), to exemplify certain features of the social world in ways which prove valuable for further analysis: either of the same case, or in many domains beyond the original case study. Framing use-values in terms of exemplification compares favourably with understanding reasoning beyond the case either as a form of analogical reasoning or in taking cases as experimentable objects.  相似文献   
10.
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