Improved hemimorphite flotation using xanthate as a collector with S(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) activation

The flotation of hemimorphite using the S(Ⅱ)–Pb(Ⅱ)–xanthate process,which includes sulfidization with sodium sulfide,activation by lead cations,and subsequent flotation with xanthate,was investigated.The flotation results indicated that hemimorphite floats when the S(Ⅱ)–Pb(Ⅱ)–xanthate process is used; a maximum recovery of approximately 90% was obtained.Zeta-potential,contact-angle,scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry(SEM–EDS),and diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS) measurements were used to characterize the activation products on the hemimorphite surface and their subsequent interaction with sodium butyl xanthate(SBX).The results showed that a Zn S coating formed on the hemimorphite surface after the sample was conditioned in an Na2 S solution.However,the formation of a Zn S coating on the hemimorphite surface did not improve hemimorphite flotation.With the subsequent addition of lead cations,Pb S species formed on the mineral surface.The formation of the Pb S species on the surface of hemimorphite significantly increased the adsorption capacity of SBX,forming lead xanthate(referred to as chemical adsorption) and leading to a substantial improvement in hemimorphite flotation.Our results indicate that the addition of lead cations is a critical step in the successful flotation of hemimorphite using the sulfidization–lead ion activation–xanthate process.     

基于频率的Read Mapping种子选择算法

选择具有最低频率的最优种子是一个复杂的计算问题,往往需要很长时间.提出了一种read的基于频率的合并种子选择算法(FMSS),该算法能够高效地选择接近最优的种子集合,可用于改善现有映射工具的性能.实验对比了平均种子选择方法和当前最优的种子选择策略(OSS,optimal seed solver),结果显示FMSS算法能够用很少的时间代价给出接近OSS的最优种子集合,这表明FMSS算法可集成到现有映射工具中用于处理更大规模的read mapping问题.     

基因编辑婴儿的伦理、法律和社会蕴含

 同试管婴儿、克隆人、商业化代孕、干细胞治疗等医疗新技术引发的伦理争议相比，贺建奎基因编辑婴儿事件引发的关注更大、社会反响更为猛烈。探讨贺建奎基因编辑婴儿事件引发国际国内热议的原因，讨论了基因编辑婴儿的伦理、法律和社会蕴含。建议明确界定基因编辑技术的适用对象和范围，建立健全新型医疗技术临床应用的伦理审查和监管体系，提升全社会的伦理意识。     

复杂场景散射中心模型化与雷达成像应用

在复杂场景中, 目标与环境之间的耦合散射会造成雷达图像特征的干扰, 这一问题给雷达目标自动识别与跟踪技术带来了困难, 成为雷达、电磁领域持续关注的热点研究问题。目前, 使用传统的电磁数值计算方法对复杂场景散射问题进行仿真, 所需计算资源巨大, 耗时很长, 而且多限于针对单一类型复合目标, 难以满足实际工程应用需求。针对此问题，提出了复杂场景散射中心模型化的方法, 集成散射中心模型、物理光学法、积分方程法、四路径模型、射线追踪等方法为一体, 实现了复杂场景、群目标雷达成像快速仿真。本文给出了三种有代表性的复杂场景的逆合成孔径雷达成像仿真结果, 验证了本文方法的可行性及泛用性。     

中国现代公园声景研究进展

由于兼具人文性和自然性,现代公园越来越成为人们回归自然、放松心态的绝佳场所,其声环境的质量成为实现公园潜在功能的重要保障,中国现代公园声景的研究内容大致表现为对不同类型公园自身声景的研究及其与周边环境影响关系的研究。从公园声景研究中的三个运用阶段对常用的研究方法进行归纳,总结了各自的利弊,并分别以森林、水和人为公园主体的声景进行归纳,凝练出各类公园的声景特征,指出中国现代公园声景构成不良和人声互动不足的问题,对目前公园声景设计中采取的策略进行总结,就此提出相应的优化措施,以一种可持续的声景发展理念为以后相关研究提供指引。     

城市中心路内停车与停车换乘的动态优化模型

城市中心区停车问题与交通拥堵问题密切相关,也与停车换乘(P+R)问题相关,交通流、路边停车和P+R需要统一模型研究。为此,建立考虑交通流的城市中心路内停车与P+R的动态优化模型。短期最优流率模型考虑到路内停车位会减少正常行驶车辆的道路空间,而且巡航停车会和其它车辆产生拥堵,为此,需要加快路内停车周转率,将路内停车资源与交通流协同管理。短期停车容量模型利用Stackelberg博弈：在政府追求社会总成本最小和私人运营商追求利润最大的基础上,出行者追求用户出行成本最小。研究表明,在需求固定的情况下,随着车辆停放时间的增加,路内停车费与P+R停车费都在不断下降,路内停车容量在不断减少,而P+R停车容量不断增加,说明如果选择短时停车或者临时停车,可以选择路内停车；而如果选择长时间停车,可以选择P+R停车。在需求远大于供给时,路内停车将演化为车道控制。     

Variable Selection via Generalized SELO-Penalized Cox Regression Models

The seamless-L_0(SELO) penalty is a smooth function that very closely resembles the L_0 penalty, which has been demonstrated theoretically and practically to be effective in nonconvex penalization for variable selection. In this paper, the authors first generalize the SELO penalty to a class of penalties retaining good features of SELO, and then develop variable selection and parameter estimation in Cox models using the proposed generalized SELO(GSELO) penalized log partial likelihood(PPL) approach. The authors show that the GSELO-PPL procedure possesses the oracle property with a diverging number of predictors under certain mild, interpretable regularity conditions. The entire path of GSELO-PPL estimates can be efficiently computed through a smoothing quasi-Newton(SQN) with continuation algorithm. The authors propose a consistent modified BIC(MBIC) tuning parameter selector for GSELO-PPL, and show that under some regularity conditions, the GSELOPPL-MBIC procedure consistently identifies the true model. Simulation studies and real data analysis are conducted to evaluate the finite sample performance of the proposed method.     

Mechanical behavior of a near α titanium alloy under dynamic compression: Characterization and modeling

Dynamic compression tests under strain rates from 870 s^?1 to 2100 s^?1 were conducted for a near α Ti–8Al–1Mo–1V titanium alloy with equiaxed microstructure. Compression behavior, adiabatic shearing and band microstructure were investigated via characterization and calculation. The results demonstrate that all dynamic constitutive curves exhibited obvious stress fluctuation phenomenon with double increase-decrease changing stages at the primary stage of compression. The dislocation multiplication theory can be used to explain this phenomenon. After the stress fluctuation period, work hardening coexisted with the thermal softening, resulting in the slow hardening tendency in constitutive curves. J-C model was utilized to quantify the dynamic constitutive curves. The deviations between the predicted and experimental curves under high strain rates may be attributed to the over-consideration of thermal softening effect in J-C model. Adiabatic shearing band (ASB) began to form under the strain rate of 2100 s^?1. A total shearing strain of 8.1 within ASB achieved in 8.9 μs, corresponding to a local strain rate of about 9.1 × 10⁵ s^?1 and is over 430 times of the macro strain rate. Post annealing was conducted on ASB before EBSD characterization. Due to the static recrystallization during annealing, the α phase within ASB generally presented as ultra-fine grains less than 1 μm in diameter.     

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta identifies mesenchymal stem cells with enhanced engraftment to tissue injury and pro-angiogenic property

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous likely consisting of subpopulations with various therapeutic potentials. Here we attempted to acquire a subset of MSCs with enhanced effect in wound healing. We found that human placental MSCs expressing platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor (PDGFR)-β exhibited greater proliferation rates and generated more colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F), compared to PDGFR-β^? MSCs. Notably, PDGFR-β⁺ MSCs expressed higher levels of pro-angiogenic factors such as Ang1, Ang2, VEGF, bFGF and PDGF. When 10⁶ GFP-expressing MSCs were topically applied into excisional wounds in mice, PDGFR-β⁺ MSCs actively incorporated into the wound tissue, resulting in enhanced engraftment (3.92 ± 0.31 × 10⁵ remained in wound by 7 days) and accelerated wound closure; meanwhile, PDGFR-β^? MSCs tended to remain on the top of the wound bed with significantly fewer cells (2.46 ± 0.26 × 10⁵) engrafted into the wound, suggesting enhanced chemotactic migration and engraftment of PDGFR-β⁺ MSCs into the wound. Real-Time PCR and immunostain analyses revealed that the expression of PDGF-B was upregulated after wounding; transwell migration assay showed that PDGFR-β⁺ MSCs migrated eightfold more than PDGFR-β^? MSCs toward PDGF-BB. Intriguingly, PDGFR-β⁺ MSC-treated wounds showed significantly enhanced angiogenesis compared to PDGFR-β^? MSC- or vehicle-treated wounds. Thus, our results indicate that PDGFR-β identifies a subset of MSCs with enhanced chemotactic migration to wound injury and effect in promoting angiogenesis and wound healing, implying a greater therapeutic potential for certain diseases.     

铜铁共催化烯烃串联加成/环化合成异喹啉二酮

发展了一种铜/铁协同催化的N-烯丙酰基苯甲酰胺串联加成/环化/偶联合成叔烷基化异喹啉二酮的反应.在廉价金属Cu/Fe协同催化作用下，烷基偶氮试剂介导N-丙烯酰基-N-烷基氯代苯甲酰胺发生串联加成/环化，区域选择性地切断C-Cl键而发生进一步交叉偶联，以41%~78%的产率合成了一系列远端双重α-官能团化叔烷基取代的异喹啉二酮骨架.该反应首次利用卤代苯甲酰胺去芳构化而形成的超共轭自由基为偶联体与偶氮试剂发生交叉偶联，选择性地在碳-卤键位置构建碳（叔）-碳键.此偶联策略将为深入拓展叔烷基-芳基交叉偶联提供新的思路.