Mechanical and corrosion properties of low-carbon steel prepared by friction stir processing

Low-carbon steel plates were successfully subjected to normal friction stir processing(NFSP) in air and submerged friction stir processing(SFSP) under water, and the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of the NFSP and SFSP samples were investigated. Phase transformation and dynamic recrystallization resulted in fine-grained ferrite and martensite in the processed zone. The SFSP samples had smaller ferrites(5.1 μm), finer martensite laths(557 nm), and more uniform distribution of martensite compared to the NFSP samples. Compared to the base material(BM), the microhardness of the NFSP and SFSP samples increased by 19.8% and 27.1%, respectively because of the combined strengthening effects of grain refinement, phase transformation, and dislocation. The ultimate tensile strengths(UTSs) of the NFSP and SFSP samples increased by 27.1% and 38.7%, respectively. Grain refinement and martensite transformation also improved the electrochemical corrosion properties of the low-carbon steel. Overall, the SFSP samples had better mechanical properties and electrochemical corrosion resistance than the NFSP samples.     

循环作用对马蹄寺石窟群岩体性能的影响

马蹄寺石窟群地处河西走廊中部,气候条件十分恶劣。由于常年受到温度、湿度、酸碱盐等作用的影响,石窟岩体性能出现了不同程度的劣化现象。通过开展室内模拟试验,研究以上多种恶劣环境的循环作用对于岩体抗压强度、波速、质量的影响规律,同时使用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、X射线荧光光谱(X-ray fluorescence,XRF)和扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)对循环作用过程中样品的矿物组分、元素含量和微观形貌进行分析研究。研究结果表明,循环作用使样品中的长石类矿物和方解石含量降低,黏土类矿物含量增加,胶结程度下降,孔隙逐渐发展成为横向微裂隙,导致样品的性能出现不同程度的劣化现象。循环作用对岩体性能的影响程度从大到小依次为冻融循环、耐盐循环、耐碱循环、耐酸循环和温湿循环。     

Mechanical behavior of a near α titanium alloy under dynamic compression: Characterization and modeling

Dynamic compression tests under strain rates from 870 s^?1 to 2100 s^?1 were conducted for a near α Ti–8Al–1Mo–1V titanium alloy with equiaxed microstructure. Compression behavior, adiabatic shearing and band microstructure were investigated via characterization and calculation. The results demonstrate that all dynamic constitutive curves exhibited obvious stress fluctuation phenomenon with double increase-decrease changing stages at the primary stage of compression. The dislocation multiplication theory can be used to explain this phenomenon. After the stress fluctuation period, work hardening coexisted with the thermal softening, resulting in the slow hardening tendency in constitutive curves. J-C model was utilized to quantify the dynamic constitutive curves. The deviations between the predicted and experimental curves under high strain rates may be attributed to the over-consideration of thermal softening effect in J-C model. Adiabatic shearing band (ASB) began to form under the strain rate of 2100 s^?1. A total shearing strain of 8.1 within ASB achieved in 8.9 μs, corresponding to a local strain rate of about 9.1 × 10⁵ s^?1 and is over 430 times of the macro strain rate. Post annealing was conducted on ASB before EBSD characterization. Due to the static recrystallization during annealing, the α phase within ASB generally presented as ultra-fine grains less than 1 μm in diameter.     

战略性新兴产业集群发展政策研究

发展战略性新兴产业和产业集群是加快我国经济转型升级、实现"创新驱动发展"战略和建设创新型国家至关重要的战略决策。本文对国家层面中央及各部委发布的战略性新兴产业政策进行定量分析,并通过绘制政策主体合作网络图谱研究战略性新兴产业政策主体合作与协同情况。在此基础上,对战略性新兴产业集群可持续快速发展提出了相关政策建议。     

基于弱监督学习的主页人物属性抽取方法

提出了一种基于弱监督学习的主页人物属性抽取方法,首先根据领域模式从个人主页中提取出人物属性的前导词,接着通过前导词获取人物属性作为初始的属性种子,在这些属性种子中提取属性的模式,并结合分类和bootstrapping方法不断迭代抽取出无前导词的人物属性。在整个抽取过程中,只需要少量的人工标注。在英文机构网站上的人物属性抽取对比实验结果表明,该方法较属性分类抽取方法在准确率上提高了7.8%,召回率上提高了7.5%。     

Flow and heat transfer behaviour of nanofluids in microchannels

Flow and heat transfer of aqueous based silica and alumina nanofluids in microchannels were experimentally investigated. The measured friction factors were higher than conventional model predictions at low Reynolds numbers particularly with high nanoparticle concentrations. A decrease in the friction factor was observed with increasing Reynolds number, possibly due to the augmentation of nanoparticle aggregate shape arising from fluid shear and alteration of local nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid viscosity. Augmentation of the silica nanoparticle morphology by fluid shear may also have affected the friction factor due to possible formation of a core/shell structure of the particles. Measured thermal conductivities of the silica nanofluids were in approximate agreement with the Maxwell-Crosser model, whereas the alumina nanofluids only showed slight enhancements. Enhanced convective heat transfer was observed for both nanofluids, relative to their base fluids (water), at low particle concentrations. Heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing Reynolds number and microchannel hydraulic diameter. However, the majority of experiments showed a larger increase in pumping power requirements relative to heat transfer enhancements, which may hinder the industrial uptake of the nanofluids, particularly in confined environments, such as Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS).     

城市韧性的概念演进、研究内容与发展趋势

 城市韧性理念以城市本体为研究对象,以增强城市在承受扰动时保持自身功能不被破坏的能力为主要目标,成为保障城市健康及可持续发展的有效途径。对城市韧性概念和属性进行梳理与辨析;文献调研表明,学界对城市韧性的概念定义、属性特征等基本问题逐渐达成共识,研究重点已由基本问题转入韧性框架、评价体系、提升策略等内容;结合中国城市的现状,提出城市韧性研究应在理论、方法和实践层面进一步拓展,并从系统性、实效性、制度性3个层面提出中国城市韧性研究的特征和未来的发展趋势。关键词城市韧性;防灾减灾;韧性框架     

图的Laplacian矩阵谱半径

设G为n阶简单连通图,若L(G)为图G的度对角矩阵与邻接矩阵的差,则称L(G)为图G的Laplacian矩阵.结合非负矩阵谱理论,利用图的顶点度和平均二次度给出了图G的Laplacian矩阵的谱半径的新上界,同时给出了达到上界的极图.     

五台山世界遗产地游客满意度实证研究

为把握世界遗产地五台山景区的旅游业发展现状,提升景区知名度与影响力,通过实地向游客发放问卷和现象访谈相结合的办法,采用模糊数学评价法对五台山世界遗产地的游客满意度进行综合评价.结果表明:被访游客对景区的总体满意度为基本满意,对景观价值、政府部门的管理与服务方面比较满意,对旅行社服务、餐饮、住宿、交通满意度一般,而游客对购物和娱乐项目最不满意.在此基础上,为五台山景区旅游经营管理提出了相应的建议与对策.     

Recognition and practice on remanufacturing engineering management of military aero-engines

The technologies of design, manufacture and MRO （maintenance, repair and overhaul） tor the mili- tary aero-engines, particularly for the fighters, are much more difficult to be mastered than those for any other aero-engines. They have been monopolized by only a few countries and the core technologies have never been transferred due to high risk, high investment, high barrier and high cost. Therefore, our country has long relied on mapping and copying the others＇ engines to satisfy the domestic demand due to not having our own indepen- dent technologies for the design and manufacture of military aero-engines. However, through over 20 years of unremitting effort, the independent MRO has been achieved for all the Chinese fighter engines, covering in- R＆D （research and development） and in-service engines; and the MRO technologies, capabilities, quality, cost-efficiency have reached or exceeded those of original manufacturers. It has grown out of nothing, and then from weak to strong. In particular, dozens of projects concerning the R＆D and engineering application of re- manufacturing have obtained the independent intellectual property rights and are playing an irreplaceable role in achieving leaping improvement of independent MRO for Chinese military aero-engines.