Prediction of end-use energy consumption in a region of Northwest China

End-use energy consumption can reflect the industrial development of a country and the living standards of its residents. The study of end-use energy consumption can provide a solid basis for industrial restructuring, energy saving, and emission reduction. In this paper, we analyzed the end-use energy consumption of a region in Northwestern China, and applied the Markov prediction method to forecast the future demand of different types of end-use energy. This provides a reference for the energy structure optimization in the Northwestern China.     

肝龙胶囊和美洲大蠊脱脂膏对正常大鼠胆汁分泌的影响

目的:研究肝龙胶囊和美洲大蠊脱脂膏对正常大鼠胆汁分泌的影响。方法:取80只大鼠随机分组,各组均按20 m L/kg进行灌胃给药,1次/d,连续给药7 d。采用大鼠胆汁流量实验、胆汁成分分析观察受试药的利胆作用。结果:肝龙胶囊无利胆作用,对胆汁成分无影响;而美洲大蠊脱脂膏具有利胆作用,其胆汁流量与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),使胆汁中TBL、DBL、IBL的含量降低(P<0.05)。结论:肝龙胶囊对正常大鼠无利胆作用;美洲大蠊脱脂膏则有利胆作用。     

竞争环境下ODM厂商自有品牌的市场进入策略分析

在经济全球化背景下,越来越多的原始设备制造商(original equipment manufacturer, OEM)开始考虑创建自有品牌以实现向原始设计制造商(original design manufacturer, ODM)部分角色的转变.显然,ODM是否创建自有品牌进入市场会对相关企业及供应链产生重要影响.本文针对ODM与OEM构成的二级供应链系统,在不同博弈理论框架下分析了ODM自有品牌的市场进入策略及对OEM和供应链系统的影响.研究表明ODM的市场进入能有效缓解供应链的双重边际效应,但该效应会随着OEM渠道成本优势的扩大而减弱.而当OEM的渠道成本足够低时,ODM的市场进入可能对OEM也是有利的,此时ODM与OEM可实现"双赢".最后,将模型拓展至Nash讨价还价和Bertrand价格竞争情形,分析并验证了结论的鲁棒性.     

以木聚糖为抗菌剂的木质地板抗菌性能

随着生活水平的提高,人们越来越重视室内家居环境的健康、环保问题.因此,研究、开发抗菌实木地板具有现实意义.采用贴膜法检测抗菌地板的抗菌性能:以木聚糖为抗菌剂,用8%浓度溶液浸泡杨木单板,接种一定数量的大肠杆菌和金色葡萄球菌.经过一段时间培养后,检测地板细菌数量.结果表明:经过木聚糖溶液处理的地板对大肠杆菌和金色葡萄球菌的抗菌率为73.58%和90.09%,抗菌等级达到Ⅱ级.     

钻井液封堵剂高温高压封堵性能评价方法

钻井过程中通常因封堵性能欠缺出现井塌、井漏以及油气层损害等问题,在高温高压井中尤为严重。而现有的封堵性能评价方法在评价高温(200℃)高压(10 MPa)钻井液的封堵性能时具有一定的局限性,为此建立了高温高压驱替法用以评价钻井液封堵剂的高温高压封堵性能。该方法通过填砂管模拟地层,在填砂管中以不同温度和不同驱替压力驱替封堵剂基浆或钻井液,根据填砂管渗透率的变化情况评价封堵剂或钻井液在不同温度不同压力条件下的封堵性能。选取了LRF、LPF和LSF三种封堵剂进行评价,在3 MPa和200℃下封堵性能最好的是LPF,在10 MPa和200℃下封堵性能最好的是LSF,为进一步验证该方法的可行性,通过高温高压滤失量法及压力传递法评价LRF、LPF和LSF三种封堵剂的封堵性能,实验结果与高温高压驱替法一致,验证了新建立的钻井液封堵剂高温高压封堵性能评价方法的可行性。研究结果表明,所建立的评价方法可以简单有效地评价封堵剂以及钻井液的封堵性能。     

内蒙古草原三个优势针茅种群的自交繁殖能力研究

传粉方式是植物生态适应性的重要表现,通过对内蒙古典型草原优势种大针茅(Stipa grandis)、克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)和草甸草原优势种贝加尔针茅(Sitpa baicalensis)花果期套袋处理,测定了其自交繁殖能力.三种针茅套袋处理都产生了相当数量的有效结实,且种子均能很好萌发,其中大针茅和克氏针茅套袋处理千粒重和萌发力总体优于自然条件未套袋的对照处理,贝加尔针茅略低于对照处理.结果表明:三种针茅均自交亲和,并有很强的自交能力,其中大针茅和克氏针茅的自交能力较高,贝加尔针茅的相对较低.     

非线性流滞阻尼器耗能结构随机风振响应和等效风荷载取值

针对非线性流滞阻尼器耗能结构在Davenport谱风振激励下的随机响应及等效风荷载取值进行了系统研究.首先建立了结构的非线性运动方程;经过等效线性化后,采用复模态理论解耦,进而用随机振动方法获得结构风振响应解析式和等效风荷载取值的计算公式,从而建立了结构非线性随机风振响应的分析方法.     

磨矿破裂过程的蒙特卡洛仿真方法研究

研究了磨矿破裂过程的蒙特卡洛仿真方法.蒙特卡洛仿真的误差反比于其计算区域内颗粒数量,导致该方法存在计算精度和计算代价难以协调的矛盾.主要研究目标是在不降低精度的条件下提高仿真速度.首先给出了事件驱动的磨矿过程蒙特卡洛仿真的主要步骤.通过提出一种新的包络函数改进仿真抽样效率.设计了批次磨矿的仿真实验.仿真结果表明:所提出的改进算法能够显著降低无效抽样,提高仿真速度,而且保持仿真精度符合要求.     

汽车尾气排放对吉林省生态环境的影响

本文结合已有文献和实际调查,分析汽车尾气的排放对吉林省大气、土壤、水和动植物的影响.尾气中的氮氧化合物和碳氢化合物易引发光化学烟雾,固体颗粒物的聚集会引发雾霾天气的增多,降低大气可见度.经测定,吉林省内汽车集中区城市主干道的雨水pH值小于郊区.汽车尾气中氮氧化合物易使土壤酸化,重金属铅易在土壤中累积.汽车尾气中的某些物质,影响植物光合、呼吸和蒸腾作用,对人体呼吸道及肺部造成伤害,导致人类致癌几率大大增加.今后应加强汽车尾气管理力度,改造汽车结构,开发新能源汽车,以此来缓解汽车尾气带来的生态压力.     

Entrainment-mixing parameterization in shallow cumuli and effects of secondary mixing events

Parameterization of entrainment-mixing pro- cesses in cumulus clouds is critical to improve cloud parameterization in models, but is still at its infancy. For this purpose, we have lately developed a formulation to represent a microphysical measure defined as homoge- neous mixing degree in terms of a dynamical measure defined as transition scale numbers, and demonstrated the formulation with measurements from stratocumulus clouds. Here, we extend the previous work by examining data from observed cumulus clouds and find positive cor- relations between the homogeneous mixing degree and transition scale numbers. These results are similar to those in the stratocumulus clouds, but proved valid for the first time in observed cumulus clouds. The empiricalrelationships can be used to parameterize entrainment- mixing processes in two-moment microphysical schemes. Further examined are the effects of secondary mixing events on the relationships between homogeneous mixing degree and transition scale numbers with the explicit mixing parcel model. The secondary mixing events are found to be at least partially responsible for the larger scatter in the above positive correlations based on obser- vations than that in the previous results based on numerical simulations without considering secondary mixing events.