飞行器表面沉积静电分布仿真

研究飞行器表面沉积静电分布规律对于评估其在飞行过程中的静电安全性具有重要意义.结合某型实体飞机开展1:1仿真建模与计算.通过仿真计算,得到了飞机在飞行状态下的电容,对比分析了模型结构、沉积电荷量对飞机表面电荷密度和电场分布的影响规律.结果表明:在飞行状态下飞机的电容约为460.5 pF;模型结构对飞机机头处的静电场有影响,驾驶舱、机舱舷窗等结构使得机头处的静电场变化约20％,而对其他位置处的静电场影响较小;不同沉积电荷量下飞机各放电刷处的静电场强度呈线性变化规律,飞机各放电刷处静电场强度不同,其中放电刷静电场强度最高处比最低处高约97％.     

玻璃纤维砂浆管动态劈裂拉伸性能试验研究

为了研究壁厚对玻璃纤维砂浆管动态劈裂拉伸性能的影响,利用直径为74 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆系统开展玻璃纤维砂浆管动态冲击试验,通过改变冲击气压得到不同加载速率下的玻璃纤维砂浆管动态特性变化规律,同时设置壁厚为2、3、4、5 mm并进行该变量下的纵向分析.试验结果表明:在玻璃纤维管的约束下,动态应力-应变曲线出现"双峰"现象,且第二个应力峰值高于第一个应力峰值;通过分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)试验发现,随着壁厚的增加,动态强度-冲击速度拟合直线斜率减小,应变率效应减弱;在破坏形态方面,玻璃纤维砂浆管在0.4～0.5 MPa冲击气压下只出现一条贯穿裂缝,随着冲击气压的上升,开始出现受载面的局部破裂,但试件依然呈现完整的外形.     

Intrinsically disordered proteins in crowded milieu: when chaos prevails within the cellular gumbo

Effects of macromolecular crowding on structural and functional properties of ordered proteins, their folding, interactability, and aggregation are well documented. Much less is known about how macromolecular crowding might affect structural and functional behaviour of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) or intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs). To fill this gap, this review represents a systematic analysis of the available literature data on the behaviour of IDPs/IDPRs in crowded environment. Although it was hypothesized that, due to the excluded-volume effects present in crowded environments, IDPs/IDPRs would invariantly fold in the presence of high concentrations of crowding agents or in the crowded cellular environment, accumulated data indicate that, based on their response to the presence of crowders, IDPs/IDPRs can be grouped into three major categories, foldable, non-foldable, and unfoldable. This is because natural cellular environment is not simply characterized by the presence of high concentration of “inert” macromolecules, but represents an active milieu, components of which are engaged in direct physical interactions and soft interactions with target proteins. Some of these interactions with cellular components can cause (local) unfolding of query proteins. In other words, since crowding can cause both folding and unfolding of an IDP or its regions, the outputs of the placing of a query protein to the crowded environment would depend on the balance between these two processes. As a result, and because of the spatio-temporal heterogeneity in structural organization of IDPs, macromolecular crowding can differently affect structures of different IDPs. Recent studies indicate that some IDPs are able to undergo liquid–liquid-phase transitions leading to the formation of various proteinaceous membrane-less organelles (PMLOs). Although interiors of such PMLOs are self-crowded, being characterized by locally increased concentrations of phase-separating IDPs, these IDPs are minimally foldable or even non-foldable at all (at least within the physiologically safe time-frame of normal PMLO existence).     

汽车智能启停系统及制动能量回收策略性能分析

为了减少汽车行驶过程中能量消耗、减轻尾气排放对环境污染,同时对怠速及制动消耗能量再回收利用,对汽车智能启停技术及制动能量回收技术进行研究。首先介绍汽车启停系统研究背景、工作原理,及制动能量回收策略;其次运用advisor软件对汽车进行建模,并结合城市道路工况进行仿真分析;最后搭建试验台架,实验分析启停系统的燃油经济性及制动能量回收性能。结果表明:该启停系统百公里油耗降低,燃油经济性更好;能量回收策略通过回收制动能量更有效快速重启发动机,提高整车性能。     

Constructing and evaluating core inflation measures from component‐level inflation data

This paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of 10 measures of core inflation and evaluates which measure produces the best forecast of headline inflation out‐of‐sample. We use the Personal Consumption Expenditure Price Index as our measure of inflation. We use two sets of components (17 and 50) of the Personal Consumption Expenditure Price Index to construct these core inflation measures and evaluate these measures at the three time horizons (6, 12 and 24 months) most relevant for monetary policy decisions. The best measure of core inflation for both sets of components and over all time horizons uses weights based on the first principal component of the disaggregated (component‐level) prices. Interestingly, the results vary by the number of components used; when more components are used the weights based on the persistence of each component is statistically equivalent to the weights generated by the first principal component. However, those forecasts using the persistence of 50 components are statistically worse than those generated using the first principal component of 17 components. The statistical superiority of the principal component method is due to the fact that it extracts (in the first principal component) the common source of variation in the component level prices that accurately describes trend inflation over the next 6–24 months.     

蜂窝夹层复合材料小质量冲击接触力的分析

研制了多角度小质量冲击试验机,可对蜂窝夹层复合材料进行不同角度、不同冲击能量的冲击。使用冲击加速度传感器测量冲击接触力。在已有仿真模型的基础上,使用降低面板抗弯刚度的方法来模拟分层损伤的产生,从而预测分层发生后的冲击接触力。实验结果表明,仿真得到的冲击力与前者吻合较好。通过仿真分析夹层板参数对冲击力的影响,发现面板的等效抗弯刚度和芯材的压缩强度对冲击周期和最大冲击接触力具有较大的影响,而芯材的厚度和模量则对冲击周期和冲击接触力的影响较小。     

无模型自适应去噪控制及其应用

为了使无模型自适应控制(Model-Free Adaptive Control,MFAC)更好地解决伴有噪声干扰系统的控制问题,在无模型自适应控制方法的基础上,针对伴随噪声干扰的系统进行分析研究,引入带有滤波作用的跟踪微分器,在反馈过程进行滤波操作,提出一种基于改进跟踪微分器(Improved Tracking Differentiator,ITD)的无模型自适应去噪控制方法,同时给出了该算法的收敛性证明.并通过仿真证明了本文改进的控制方法可以快速跟踪给定信号并且具有良好的抵抗噪声干扰特性.最后,将其应用在循环流化床锅炉汽包水位的控制中.