Pancreozymin/cholecystokinin a physiological mediator of gastric secretory inhibition of duodenal origin

Résumé La Pancréozymine-cholécystokinine (PZ) augmente la sécrétion de l'acide gastrique stimulée par la méthacholine, mais diminue la réponse acide à la gastrine pentapeptide. L'acidification de l'anse Thiry-Vella du duodénum fait augmenter pareillement la sécrétion acide de la poche d'Heidenhain stimulée par la méthacholine et la diminue quand le stimulant est de la gastrine pentopeptide. Il est bien connu que l'acidification du duodénum libère le PZ de la muqueuse duodénale. Nos résultats suggèrent que le PZ est l'agent médiateur d'abaissement de l'acidité gastrique après acidification du duodénum.

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Supported by the National Institutes of Health grant No. 2 Rol Am 10285-03.     

Modification of the action of pentagastrin on acid secretion by botulinum toxin

Summary I.v. botulinum toxin after 60–90 min abolished the dose-response relationship between pentagastrin and gastric acid secretion in anesthetized rats and guinea-pigs. The toxin reduced but did not abolish the acid stimulatory effect of histamine. As expected, the acid response to vagal stimulation was abolished and that to methacholine in rats was unaltered by the toxin.Acknowledgment. We are grateful to the generosity of Dr Edward J. Schantz, Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, for the botulinum toxin used. — This research was supported by NIH grant 1 RO1 AM 17125, The Secretion of Pepsin.     

The distillation and volatility of ionic liquids

It is widely believed that a defining characteristic of ionic liquids (or low-temperature molten salts) is that they exert no measurable vapour pressure, and hence cannot be distilled. Here we demonstrate that this is unfounded, and that many ionic liquids can be distilled at low pressure without decomposition. Ionic liquids represent matter solely composed of ions, and so are perceived as non-volatile substances. During the last decade, interest in the field of ionic liquids has burgeoned, producing a wealth of intellectual and technological challenges and opportunities for the production of new chemical and extractive processes, fuel cells and batteries, and new composite materials. Much of this potential is underpinned by their presumed involatility. This characteristic, however, can severely restrict the attainability of high purity levels for ionic liquids (when they contain poorly volatile components) in recycling schemes, as well as excluding their use in gas-phase processes. We anticipate that our demonstration that some selected families of commonly used aprotic ionic liquids can be distilled at 200-300 degrees C and low pressure, with concomitant recovery of significant amounts of pure substance, will permit these currently excluded applications to be realized.     

Modification of the action of pentagastrin on acid secretion by botulinum toxin.

I.v botulinum toxin after 60-90 min abolished the dose-response relationship between pentagastrin and gastric acid secretion in anesthetized rats and guinea-pigs. The toxin reduced but did not abolish the acid stimulatory effect of histamine. As expected, the acid response to vagal stimulation was abolished and that to methacholine in rats was unaltered by the toxin.