西汉"酷吏"张汤墓葬出土文物研究三则

本文在之前对西汉张汤墓考古研究的基础之上,结合汉代墓葬考古出土的相关文物,认为西汉墓葬中出土的陶鱼的功能应为洁身沐浴的工具.另外,通过对张汤墓出土穿带印和其他汉墓铜印的对比,明确了秦汉时期双面穿带印发展的基本规律.同时指出张汤墓出土的星云纹镜,是汉代星云纹镜分期演变的重要补充,并判断星云纹镜至迟在汉武帝初年就已出现.     

模拟海水环境下MICP固化滨海粉细砂的试验研究

在模拟海水环境下采用微生物固化法来加固滨海粉细砂,并通过无侧限抗压强度试验、碳酸钙含量试验和微观结构分析,研究了尿素浓度对MICP固化滨海粉细砂砂柱的影响,同时对比分析了淡水环境下MICP固化粉细砂的效果.研究结果表明:在海水环境下MICP技术固化滨海粉细砂是有效的,砂柱试件的无侧限抗压强度与碳酸钙含量随着尿素浓度的增加先增大后减小,并且1 mol·L-1尿素处理试件的加固效果最好;海水的弱碱性环境可促进巴氏芽孢杆菌的生长和繁殖,进而可形成大量的高活性脲酶,从而大大提高了微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积的效率.     

Numerical investigation on heat transfer characterization of liquid lithium metal in pipe

Liquid Li metal is a promising nuclear reactor coolant; however, relevant research regarding its heat transfer characteristics remains insufficient. In this study, a steady-state two-dimensional mathematical model is established to describe the heat transfer process of liquid Li in a straight pipe. A numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of inlet velocity, inlet temperature, and wall heat flux on heat transfer in liquid Li. The results indicate the advantage of using liquid Li for improving heat transfer at high inlet temperatures (> 1000 K) compared with using liquid sodium and lead–bismuth eutectic. Considering the mechanism of the outlet radial heat flow model, the ratio of turbulent to molecular diffusion coefficients presents a parabolic distribution along the radius of the pipe. Increasing the inlet velocity, decreasing the inlet temperature, and decreasing the wall heat flux can effectively weaken the dominant role of molecular heat transfer owing to the low Prandtl number of liquid Li. The heat transfer of liquid Li is investigated comprehensively in this study, and the results provide a basis for the practical application of liquid Li as a promising coolant.     

球形压头的滑动速度对材料微米划痕响应的影响

在恒定的法向载荷下,使用Rockwell C 120°金刚石压头对聚碳酸酯(PC)、熔融石英、紫铜和镁合金AZ31进行微米划痕测试,研究滑动速度对试样划痕响应的影响.压入深度小于压头的球锥转变深度,确保仅有压头顶端的圆球部分与试样接触.结果表明:随着滑动速度的增加,压入深度、残余深度和划痕沟槽的宽度均非线性减小,划痕硬度和弹性恢复率均非线性增大;PC和紫铜的划痕摩擦系数先增大后减小,PC的黏弹性行为对其摩擦响应有显著影响;熔融石英的划痕摩擦系数先增大后减小,最后趋于稳定;镁合金AZ31的划痕摩擦系数先减小后增大.熔融石英、紫铜和镁合金AZ31的划痕摩擦系数的变化趋势可通过几何接触模型进行解释.     

干湿循环和吸力对非饱和下蜀土力学特性影响的试验研究

为研究干湿循环和吸力共同作用对非饱和下蜀土力学特性的影响,选取镇江某边坡的下蜀土为研究对象,通过非饱和直剪试验,对不同干湿循环次数及吸力水平下下蜀土力学特性的变化规律进行了研究.结果 表明:随着干湿循环次数的增加,下蜀土表面裂隙明显增加并具有不可逆性;下蜀土的抗剪强度经短暂增大后逐渐降低,并在第4次干湿循环作用后趋于稳定;下蜀土的黏聚力在经历短暂提高后逐渐降低并趋于稳定,而其内摩擦角则随干湿循环次数的增加变化幅度较小,呈上下波动态势;相同干湿循环次数下,吸力的存在对于下蜀土的黏聚力具有提升作用,而对土体内摩擦角的影响则不明显.研究结果可为干湿循环作用下下蜀土边坡的稳定性分析提供计算参数,具有实际工程意义.     

乡村振兴绩效评价:意义、维度与路径

2018年,中共中央、国务院印发《中国乡村振兴战略规划(2018-2022年)》,全面部署和布局乡村振兴战略.文章基于政府绩效评价的理念和方法,构建乡村振兴绩效评价指标体系,明确评价维度,为实现乡村振兴、城乡融合发展提供价值导向、度量体系和动力工具.该评价维度包涵资源投入、过程监管、目标实现情况和社会满意度四个方面.文章指出,相关单位以绩效评价推进乡村振兴时应注重顶层设计,强化部门协同,构建评价体系,引入第三方评价主体,凸显农民获得感.     

低氧LiF–NdF3熔盐体系阳极过程的电化学行为研究

The oxidation of oxygen ions and the generation of an anode effect at a low oxygen content of 150 mg/kg were discussed in this paper. Cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry tests were conducted to explore the anodic processes of LiF–NdF₃ melt after a lengthy period of pre-electrolysis purification at 1000°C (during which the oxygen content reduced from 413 to 150 mg/kg). The oxidation process of oxygen ions was found to have two stages: oxidation product adsorption and CO/CO₂ gas evolution. The adsorption stage was controlled by diffusion, whereas the gas evolution was controlled by the electrochemical reaction. In comparison with oxygen content of 413 mg/kg, the decrease in the amplitude of the current at low oxygen content of 150 mg/kg was much gentler during the forward scanning process when the anode effect occurred. Fluorine-ion oxidation peaks that occurred at about 4.2 V vs. Li/Li+ could be clearly observed in the reverse scanning processes, in which fluorine ions were oxidized and perfluorocarbons were produced, which resulted in an anode effect.     

Side-Channel Attacks in a Real Scenario

Existing Side-Channel Attacks(SCAs) have several limitations and, rather than to be real attack methods,can only be considered to be security evaluation methods. Their limitations are mainly related to the sampling conditions, such as the trigger signal embedded in the source code of the encryption device, and the acquisition device that serves as the encryption-device controller. Apart from it being very difficult for an attacker to add a trigger into the original design before making an attack or to control the encryption device, there is a big gap in the capacity of existing SCAs to pose real threats to cipher devices. In this paper, we propose a new method, the sliding window SCA(SW-SCA), which can be applied in scenarios in which the acquisition device is independent of the encryption device and for which the encryption source code requires no trigger signal or modification. First,we describe the main issues in existing SCAs, then we theoretically analyze the effectiveness and complexity of our proposed SW-SCA —a method that can incorporate a sliding-window mechanism into almost all of the existing non-profiled SCAs. The experimental results for both simulated and physical traces verify the effectiveness of the SW-SCA and the appropriateness of its theoretical complexity.     

弱智儿童的脑机制及教育启示探析

弱智儿童的脑机制是我国特殊教育界尚未探讨的一个领域。从智力、弱智和学习的本质出发,探讨了弱智儿童脑发育的机制和脑活动机制,认为弱智儿童脑发育的正常机制因为先天、后天的遗传异常或损伤遭到了破坏,由此导致了神经系统的传导失能,并表现为神经环路的形成困难、传导的信息堵塞和消失这些主要的神经活动特点。提出了干预或教育弱智儿童的三大措施,包括食物或物质干预、文化给予以及感官训练与文化、言语的结合。     

Antennae and the role of olfaction and contact stimulation in mate recognition by males of the pollinating fig wasp Ceratosolen gravelyi (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae)

Finding a mate is a crucial step in sexual reproduction. The mutualism between figs and their pollinators is exploited by many figwasps that develop within their galls and attain sexual maturity simultaneously. Male pollinators carry the specific burden of detecting and opening mating holes in galls containing conspecific females before mating with them. The mating behaviourand antennal sensilla of male pollinators associated with Ficus semicordata was investigated to understand mate recognition. Male Ceratosolen gravelyi located female-containing galls from a distance, but only attempted to chew a mating hole after antennal contact with the gall surface was made. They showed similar responses to females and body extracts but failed to respond to washed female bodies. This behaviour indicates that unidentified chemicals present on the body surfaces of females are sufficient to elicit olfactory attraction and tactile confirmation. Multiporous plate sensilla are candidates for olfactory reception from a distance while basiconic sensilla may be involved in contact chemoreceptor. All of the sensilla are highly localised, on the distal part of the terminal flagellomere, suggesting a response to selection for strong directionality in the complex odour environment of the fig in which messages produced by hundreds of females may confuse precise mate localisation.