西汉"酷吏"张汤墓葬出土文物研究三则

本文在之前对西汉张汤墓考古研究的基础之上,结合汉代墓葬考古出土的相关文物,认为西汉墓葬中出土的陶鱼的功能应为洁身沐浴的工具.另外,通过对张汤墓出土穿带印和其他汉墓铜印的对比,明确了秦汉时期双面穿带印发展的基本规律.同时指出张汤墓出土的星云纹镜,是汉代星云纹镜分期演变的重要补充,并判断星云纹镜至迟在汉武帝初年就已出现.     

基于机器人操作系统的机器人自主追踪系统设计

为了解决移动机器人在机器人操作系统(robot operating system, ROS)中的人脸追踪问题,提出一种基于Siamese目标跟踪算法开发的追踪系统。首先,开发了追踪系统的硬件平台;其次,开发了Siamese跟踪算法,实现了对人脸目标的实时跟踪;最后,实现了导航系统与视觉系统的开发及融合,并通过实时记录的追踪数据与追踪曲线,分析了该系统的追踪性能。实验结果表明:该系统能够在ROS系统下实现对人脸目标的实时跟踪。     

模拟海水环境下MICP固化滨海粉细砂的试验研究

在模拟海水环境下采用微生物固化法来加固滨海粉细砂,并通过无侧限抗压强度试验、碳酸钙含量试验和微观结构分析,研究了尿素浓度对MICP固化滨海粉细砂砂柱的影响,同时对比分析了淡水环境下MICP固化粉细砂的效果.研究结果表明:在海水环境下MICP技术固化滨海粉细砂是有效的,砂柱试件的无侧限抗压强度与碳酸钙含量随着尿素浓度的增加先增大后减小,并且1 mol·L-1尿素处理试件的加固效果最好;海水的弱碱性环境可促进巴氏芽孢杆菌的生长和繁殖,进而可形成大量的高活性脲酶,从而大大提高了微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积的效率.     

飞行器表面沉积静电分布仿真

研究飞行器表面沉积静电分布规律对于评估其在飞行过程中的静电安全性具有重要意义.结合某型实体飞机开展1:1仿真建模与计算.通过仿真计算,得到了飞机在飞行状态下的电容,对比分析了模型结构、沉积电荷量对飞机表面电荷密度和电场分布的影响规律.结果表明:在飞行状态下飞机的电容约为460.5 pF;模型结构对飞机机头处的静电场有影响,驾驶舱、机舱舷窗等结构使得机头处的静电场变化约20％,而对其他位置处的静电场影响较小;不同沉积电荷量下飞机各放电刷处的静电场强度呈线性变化规律,飞机各放电刷处静电场强度不同,其中放电刷静电场强度最高处比最低处高约97％.     

一种新型复合探雷系统的设计和实现

为了解决传统探雷器易受复杂土壤环境和各种干扰物的影响造成误报率过高的问题,提出了一种基于电磁感应(EMI)和探地雷达技术(GPR)的复合探测系统及其设计方案,通过将两种完全不同探测机理的传感器数据进行融合处理,协同工作,提取地雷目标特征信号,结果表明:可有效提高地雷的探知率并降低误报率,克服采用单一探测技术探雷器难以解决的原理性虚警问题;通过样机试验结果验证了设计方案的有效性。     

谈“十四五”生态保护与绿色发展的生态关系

 从“十四五”保护与发展的生态关系角度，探讨了生态保护与绿色发展的十大生态关系，阐述了生态保护和绿色发展中的一系列有关生态关系的生态智慧及生态技术，并对长江、黄河等流域的生态保护和修复提出了相关建议。     

基于表面肌电信号的绝缘手套法带电作业人员上肢肌肉疲劳分析

绝缘手套法是配网带电作业的主要作业方式,为获取穿戴绝缘手套的带电作业人员上肢肌肉的疲劳特性及其诱发的肌肉骨骼系统疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)的风险,开展了基于表面肌电信号(surface electromyogra-phy,sEMG)的绝缘手套法带电作业人员上肢肌肉疲劳评估研究.针对配网绝缘手套法的典型作业工况,搭建了绝缘手套法带电作业上肢的sEMG试验平台,采集受试者上肢(右手)各目标肌肉在是否穿戴绝缘手套下的sEMG信号;基于时域特征参数积分肌电值(integrated electromyography,IEMG)、均方根值(root mean square,RMS)及频域特征参数平均功率频率(mean power frequency,MPF)、中位频率(median frequency,MDF)对绝缘手套的上肢肌肉疲劳特征进行评估;基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)构建了带电作业人员上肢肱桡肌疲劳状态识别模型.结果表明:穿戴绝缘手套作业时各目标肌肉更容易进入疲劳状态;穿戴绝缘手套作业时,作业人员上肢部位的肱桡肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、三角肌的疲劳程度依次递减,与仿真计算的分析结果一致;sEMG时域特征参数IEMG、RMS对作业人员上肢肌肉疲劳的表征效果要优于频域特征参数MPF和MDF;带电作业人员上肢肱桡肌疲劳状态识别模型总体平均准确率为86.56％,能有效识别上肢肱桡肌肌肉疲劳状态.     

Dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanism in Aurivillius ceramic Bi5Ti3FeO15

For this study, we synthesized Aurivillius Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramic using the generic solid-state reaction route and then performed room-temperature X-ray diffraction to confirm that the compound had a single phase with no impurities. The surface morphology of the prepared sample was observed to contain microstructural grains approximately 0.2–2 μm in size. The dielectric properties of the sample were determ-ined as a function of frequency in a range of approximately 100 Hz to 1 MHz at various temperatures (303 K ≤ T ≤ 773 K). Nyquist plots of the impedance data were found to exhibit a semi-circular arc in the high-temperature region, which is explained by the equivalent electrical circuit (R1C1)(R2QC2), where R1 and R2 represent the resistances associated with the grains and grain boundaries, respectively, C1 and C2 are the re-spective capacitances, and Q is the constant phase element (CPE), which accounts for non-Debye type of behavior. Our results indicate that both the resistance and capacitance of the grain boundaries are more prominent than those of the grains. The alternating current (ac) conductiv-ity data were analyzed based on the Jonscher universal power law, which indicated that the conduction process is dominated by the hopping mechanism. The calculated activation energies of the relaxation and conduction processes were very similar (0.32 to 0.53 eV), from which we conclude that the same type of charge carriers are involved in both processes.     

Numerical investigation on heat transfer characterization of liquid lithium metal in pipe

Liquid Li metal is a promising nuclear reactor coolant; however, relevant research regarding its heat transfer characteristics remains insufficient. In this study, a steady-state two-dimensional mathematical model is established to describe the heat transfer process of liquid Li in a straight pipe. A numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of inlet velocity, inlet temperature, and wall heat flux on heat transfer in liquid Li. The results indicate the advantage of using liquid Li for improving heat transfer at high inlet temperatures (> 1000 K) compared with using liquid sodium and lead–bismuth eutectic. Considering the mechanism of the outlet radial heat flow model, the ratio of turbulent to molecular diffusion coefficients presents a parabolic distribution along the radius of the pipe. Increasing the inlet velocity, decreasing the inlet temperature, and decreasing the wall heat flux can effectively weaken the dominant role of molecular heat transfer owing to the low Prandtl number of liquid Li. The heat transfer of liquid Li is investigated comprehensively in this study, and the results provide a basis for the practical application of liquid Li as a promising coolant.     

基于近似模型和遗传算法的等离子喷焊工艺参数多目标优化

为了对等离子喷焊工艺参数进行优化,提高喷焊层的质量,通过径向基函数(radical basis function,RBF)神经网络近似模型和非支配排序遗传算法(non dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ,NSGA-Ⅱ)遗传算法相结合的方法,对等离子喷焊试验数据,基于MATLAB平台进行训练,以此来构建显微硬度、磨损量和稀释率的近似模型,利用NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法对模型进行下一步的多目标优化,最终得到帕累托最优解集,研究了工艺参数间的交互作用.结果表明:利用RBF-NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法比响应面法能更显著地提高喷焊层质量.可见对等离子喷焊工艺的优化具有一定的参考价值.