Integrin cytoplasmic tyrosine motif is required for outside-in alphaIIbbeta3 signalling and platelet function.

Integrins not only bind adhesive ligands, they also act as signalling receptors. Both functions allow the integrin alphaIIbbeta3 to mediate platelet aggregation. Platelet agonists activate alphaIIbbeta3 (inside-out signalling) to allow the binding of soluble fibrinogen. Subsequent platelet aggregation leads to outside-in alphaIIbbeta3 signalling, which results in calcium mobilization, tyrosine phosphorylation of numerous proteins including beta3 itself, increased cytoskeletal reorganisation and further activation of alphaIIbbeta3. Thus, outside-in signals enhance aggregation, although the mechanisms and functional consequences of specific signalling events remain unclear. Here we describe a mouse that expresses an alphaIIbbeta3 in which the tyrosines in the integrin cytoplasmic tyrosine motif have been mutated to phenylalanines. These mice are selectively impaired in outside-in alphaIIbbeta3 signalling, with defective aggregation and clot-retraction responses in vitro, and an in vivo bleeding defect which is characterized by a pronounced tendency to rebleed. These data provide evidence for an important role of outside-in signalling in platelet physiology. Furthermore, they identify the integrin cytoplasmic tyrosine motif as a key mediator of beta-integrin signals and a potential target for new therapeutic agents.     

基于人力资本视角下上海市高校体育教师培训体系的研究

运用人力资本理论,从改善上海市高校体育教师培训质量,优化体育教师人力资本等角度探讨了构建上海市高校体育教师培训体系的必要性,并设计出由培训需求评价、培训计划制定、培训过程实施与控制以及培训效果评估等各环节共同组成的科学培训体系。     

西方发达国家反垄断立法有关企业合并对我国的启示

规制企业合并是现代反垄断法的核心.西方主要发达国家对企业合并的反垄断立法已相当地成熟和完善.中国迄今尚未有反垄断法出台,基于入世后的现实情况,制定反垄断法以规范企业的合并行为已势在必行.文章通过主要发达国家反垄断法研究,结合中国实际就对立法体例、企业合并范围界定、不同类型企业合并的立法态度提出一些可行性建议或设想.     

Land vehicle positioning using GPS and dead reckoning

To ensure reliable land vehicle positioning, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is one of the best techniques commonly used in present-day positioning systems. However, GPS signals are not available if line of sight with the satellites is lost. In this respect, the addition of the Dead Reckoning (DR) method to complement the GPS unit would enhance the reliability of land vehicle positioning system. For implementing the DR method, the magnetic sensor and accelerometer are used for obtaining heading and velocity or distance information. Calibration of two sensors' dynamic model and DR algorithm are also introduced in this paper. The test result utilizing the GPS and DR methods is analyzed in this paper. It utilize spositioning information from GPS receiver when GPSsignal is available, otherwise DR is started to compensate GPS outage with the GPS output as the original point. The results showed that the error in east and north produced by the DR algorithm for a short time interval can be limitedwithin an acceptable range.     

In-vehicle GPS/DR navigation system development and test results in Singapore

This paper introduces the in-car navigation system prototype development and test results under the context of Singapore. In the system, integrated GPS/DR is used for continuous vehicle positioning. A digital road network map database is built for the whole Singapore. The database is designed to support map matching, route determination, and route guidance functions. The prototype system demonstrates GPS positioning of the vehicle in real-time, tracking the vehicle onto a digital map with fix updates every one or two seconds.With the map matched vehicle location on the map, voice and/or text guidance is provide to the driver. The vehicle position can also be transferred to control centre through communication data link for the purpose of fleet management.