首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   26篇
  免费   0篇
现状及发展   1篇
研究方法   2篇
综合类   23篇
  2012年   1篇
  2008年   1篇
  2007年   5篇
  2006年   4篇
  2003年   4篇
  2002年   2篇
  2001年   3篇
  2000年   1篇
  1997年   1篇
  1993年   1篇
  1991年   2篇
  1982年   1篇
排序方式: 共有26条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
从唐到宋的时代是一个社会大变动时期。不过在唐代前期,这种变动还比较少见。本稿以唐代前期的一个华北村落为例,通过对刻在佛教供养塔上的供养人姓名、水利灌溉设施的管理与维持、村落的地理与经济立地等几个方面的分析,试以究明唐代前期自然村落的实态。  相似文献   
2.
3.
Immunoglobulin-A has an irreplaceable role in the mucosal defence against infectious microbes. In human and mouse, IgA-producing plasma cells comprise approximately 20% of total plasma cells of peripheral lymphoid tissues, whereas more than 80% of plasma cells produce IgA in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT). One of the most biologically important and long-standing questions in immunology is why this 'biased' IgA synthesis takes place in the MALT but not other lymphoid organs. Here we show that IgA class-switch recombination (CSR) is impaired in inducible-nitric-oxide-synthase-deficient (iNOS-/-; gene also called Nos2) mice. iNOS regulates the T-cell-dependent IgA CSR through expression of transforming growth factor-beta receptor, and the T-cell-independent IgA CSR through production of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL, also called Tnfsf13) and a B-cell-activating factor of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family (BAFF, also called Tnfsf13b). Notably, iNOS is preferentially expressed in MALT dendritic cells in response to the recognition of commensal bacteria by toll-like receptor. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of iNOS+ dendritic cells rescues IgA production in iNOS-/- mice. Further analysis revealed that the MALT dendritic cells are a TNF-alpha/iNOS-producing dendritic-cell subset, originally identified in mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. The presence of a naturally occurring TNF-alpha/iNOS-producing dendritic-cell subset may explain the predominance of IgA production in the MALT, critical for gut homeostasis.  相似文献   
4.
According to the temporal coding hypothesis, neurons encode information by the exact timing of spikes. An example of temporal coding is the hippocampal phase precession phenomenon, in which the timing of pyramidal cell spikes relative to the theta rhythm shows a unidirectional forward precession during spatial behaviour. Here we show that phase precession occurs in both spatial and non-spatial behaviours. We found that spike phase correlated with instantaneous discharge rate, and processed unidirectionally at high rates, regardless of behaviour. The spatial phase precession phenomenon is therefore a manifestation of a more fundamental principle governing the timing of pyramidal cell discharge. We suggest that intrinsic properties of pyramidal cells have a key role in determining spike times, and that the interplay between the magnitude of dendritic excitation and rhythmic inhibition of the somatic region is responsible for the phase assignment of spikes.  相似文献   
5.
6.
7.
The molecular organization of cypovirus polyhedra   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Cypoviruses and baculoviruses are notoriously difficult to eradicate because the virus particles are embedded in micrometre-sized protein crystals called polyhedra. The remarkable stability of polyhedra means that, like bacterial spores, these insect viruses remain infectious for years in soil. The environmental persistence of polyhedra is the cause of significant losses in silkworm cocoon harvests but has also been exploited against pests in biological alternatives to chemical insecticides. Although polyhedra have been extensively characterized since the early 1900s, their atomic organization remains elusive. Here we describe the 2 A crystal structure of both recombinant and infectious silkworm cypovirus polyhedra determined using crystals 5-12 micrometres in diameter purified from insect cells. These are the smallest crystals yet used for de novo X-ray protein structure determination. We found that polyhedra are made of trimers of the viral polyhedrin protein and contain nucleotides. Although the shape of these building blocks is reminiscent of some capsid trimers, polyhedrin has a new fold and has evolved to assemble in vivo into three-dimensional cubic crystals rather than icosahedral shells. The polyhedrin trimers are extensively cross-linked in polyhedra by non-covalent interactions and pack with an exquisite molecular complementarity similar to that of antigen-antibody complexes. The resulting ultrastable and sealed crystals shield the virus particles from environmental damage. The structure suggests that polyhedra can serve as the basis for the development of robust and versatile nanoparticles for biotechnological applications such as microarrays and biopesticides.  相似文献   
8.
A trehalose metabolic enzyme controls inflorescence architecture in maize   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
  相似文献   
9.
T Kobayashi  T Saito  H Ohtani 《Nature》2001,414(6863):531-534
Real-time investigations of the rearrangement of bonds during chemical transformations require femtosecond temporal resolution, so that the atomic vibrations within the reacting molecules can be observed. Following the development of lasers capable of emitting ultrashort laser flashes on this timescale, chemical reactions involving relatively simple molecules have been monitored in detail, revealing the transient existence of intermediate species as reactants are transformed into products. Here we report the direct observation of nuclear motion in a complex biological system, the retinal chromophore of bacteriorhodopsin (bR568), as it undergoes the trans-cis photoisomerization that is fundamental to the vision process. By using visible-light pulses of less than 5 femtosecond in duration, we are able to monitor changes in the vibrational spectra of the transition state and thus show that despite photoexcitation of the anti-bonding molecular orbital involved, isomerization does not occur instantly, but involves transient formation of a so-called 'tumbling state'. Our observations thus agree with growing experimental and ab initio evidence for a three-state photoisomerization model and firmly discount the initially suggested two-state model for this process.  相似文献   
10.
通过电镜观察,研究了190℃人工时效前的室温和150℃预时效对8090和2091Al-Li合金中S’(Al_2CuMg)相析出的影响。实验结果表明,自然时效后人工时效的样品中由于空位凝聚而形成空位环,S’相在这些缺陷上优先形核长大。150℃的预时效由于增加形核驱动力而促进了S’相的析出,但影响效果不如自然时效明显。高的Cu,Mg含量有利于S’相的析出。本文讨论了S’相形成的微观机理。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号