～4.1 Ga xenocrystal zircon from Ordovician volcanic rocks in western part of North Qinlin80rosenic Belt

High-precision U-Pb dating by in situ LA-ICP-MS yields an age of 4079±5 Ma for a xenocrystal zircon from Ordovician volcanics of the Caotangou Group in western part of the North Qinling Orogenic Belt. As a result, the North Qinling Orogenic Belt becomes one of a few localities in the world that contain Hadean age records （4276±6 Ma and 4404±8 Ma detrital zircons from Jack Hill of the Yilgarn craton, 4016 Ma Acasta gneisses of the Wopmay Orogeny and Burang quartzite with detrital zircon of 4103 Ma in Tibet）. It is also the first report of the Hadean age in Phanerozoic volcanics. The finding of the 4.1 Ga xenocrystal zircon provides not only the geochronological record of the oldest crustal materials in China, but also the condition for further search for rocks forming in the region during the early time of the Earth＇s evolution. Thirty-six zircon U-Pb dates from the Ordovician volcanic rocks are subgrouped into seven generations that represent different tectono-magmatic events in the North Qinling Orogenic Belt. Among them, two periods of 0.9--1.5 Ga and 0.4--0.5 Ga are consistent with Mesoproterozoic and Early Paleozoic orogenies, respectively.     

Preparation and evaluation of biomimetric nano-hydroxyapatite-based composite scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering

In the present study,novel biomimetic composite scaffolds with a composition similar to that of natural bone were prepared,using nano-hydroxyapatite,collagen,and phosphatidylserine.The scaffolds possess an interconnected porous structure with a porosity of 84%.The pore size ranges from several micrometers up to about 400 m.In-vitro studies in simulated body fluids showed that the morphologies of the products derived from mineralization can be regulated by the extracellular matrix components of the scaffolds;this in turn leads to creation of a large number of hydroxyapatite crystals on the scaffold surface.The regulatory properties of collagen and phosphatidylserine also influenced the cell response to the composite scaffolds.MC3T3-E1 cells attached and spread on the surfaces of the materials and interacted with the substrates;this may be the result of charged groups on the composite materials.Radiological analysis suggested that calluses and bone bridges formed in defects within 12 weeks.These composite scaffolds may therefore be a suitable replacement in bone-tissue engineering.     

U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes for detrital zircons from quartzite in the Paleoproterozoic Songshan Group on the southwestern margin of the North China Craton

In situ U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic analysis were carried out for detrital zircons from quartzite in the Paleoproterozoic Songshan Group on the southern margin of the North China Craton （NCC）. The results provide further constraints on the crustal formation and evolution history of NCC. Four ^207Pb/^206Pb age populations were obtained from 99 analyses, with clusters at -3.40 Ga, 2.77-2.80 Ga, -2.50 Ga and 2.34 Ga, respectively. The 3.40 Ga old zircons have similar Hf isotopic compositions to those from Archean rocks in the Jidong and Anshan areas of NCC. However, crustal remnants older than 3.6 Ga have been identified in the southern margin of NCC, the South China Craton, the northwestern part of the Qinling Orogen and its adjacent area. Thus, it is not easy to trace the source rock from which the 3.40 Ge detrital zircons were derived. It can be inferred that the crustal remnants older than 3.40 Ga might have been widely distributed in the North China Craton. The 2.77-2.80 Ga zircons make up a relatively small proportion and have the highest εHf（t） values （up to 6.1±1.6）, consistent with the Hf isotopic composition of the depleted mantle at 2.83 Ga. Their single-stage Hf model age of 2.83 Ga is close to their crystallized age, suggesting that their source rocks were extracted from the contemporaneous depleted mantle. The -2.50 Ga zircon grains constitute about 85% of the total grain population and their Hf isotopic compositions indicate major growth of juvenile crust at -2.50 Ga but minor reworking of ancient crust. The youngest zircon dated in this study gave an U-Pb age of 2337±2.3 Ma, which can be considered the maximum depositional age of the formation of the Songshan Group.     

基于深度特征提取神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承作为旋转机械的重要组成部分,其运行安全性受到大量关注,但传统的基于信号处理的时频分析故障诊断方法较为依赖专家知识从而难以广泛应用。结合应用较广的卷积神经网络和长短时记忆网络模型的优点-自动提取振动信号的深层特征信息以及可识别所提取的长时连续的振动信号时序特征信息,提出一种深度特征提取神经网络模型,将原始的振动信号作为模型输入,进而通过多层卷积与长短时记忆网络对振动信号进行故障特征信息提取,可以有效提取滚动轴承振动信号中的深层时序故障特征信息,进而准确辨识滚动轴承不同的故障模式,并且避免了复杂的信号预处理与人工进行信号特征提取的过程。通过凯斯西储大学滚动轴承故障实验的10类健康状态数据验证了所提方法的有效性,并对实验结果进行分析,解释了在迭代过程中出现精度波动的可能原因。     

特低渗油藏CO2混相驱注采压力系统保压设计方法

为实现特低渗油藏注CO_2后形成混相驱,通过渗流力学和油藏工程方法研究特低渗油藏CO_2混相驱注采压力系统保压设计方法。首先,利用等值渗流阻力法,考虑特低渗油藏压裂后储层渗透率分布的"四台阶"特性,建立特低渗油藏CO_2混相驱渗流阻力数学模型;其次,考虑CO_2注入地层后溶解于原油所引起的驱替滞后效应,引入CO_2驱迟滞因子,对传统前缘推进方程进行修正。在此基础上,建立特低渗油藏CO_2混相驱注采压力系统保压设计方法,并从注采压差、注采井距、水井近井渗透率、油井近井渗透率四个方面进行单因素影响程度分析;最后,绘制M油藏在不同注采压差条件下注入速度与CO_2混相驱驱替前缘位置的关系图版。结果表明:注采压差对各项保压设计参数影响最大;纯油相区渗流阻力与混相区渗流阻力的比值仅与注采压差有关,与其他因素和驱替前缘位置无关;注入速度是CO_2混相驱保压设计的关键,在合理施工参数范围内,注CO_2无法实现全程混相驱,驱替前缘极限位置约在油水井距的3/4位置处。研究结果为特低渗油藏CO_2混相驱注采压力系统保压设计提供了理论依据和技术指导。     

Crustal growth at ～2.5 Ga in the North China Craton：evidence from whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopes in the Huai＇an gneiss terrane

The Huai’an gneiss terrane mainly consists of TTG gneisses and dioritic gneisses. Laser in situ U-Pb dating of magmatic zircon cores indicates that protolith of these gneisses was formed at ~2.5 Ga. The TTG gneisses have positive εNd（t） values of 2.7 to 4.3, and most of the magmatic zircons have positive εHf（t） values of 2.0 to 8.3. These positive εNd（t） and εHf（t） values are both similar to those of the contemporaneous depleted mantle at 2.5 Ga. Moreover, the young Hf model ages of 2.44 to 2.73 Ga for the magmatic zircons are close to the timing of the zircons growth. The whole-rock εNd（t） values are lower in the dioritic gneisses （0.8 to 1.7） than in the TTG gneisses due to the involvement of ancient crust in its source. However, many magmatic zircons from the dioritic gneisses have similar εHf（t） values （2.0 to 7.9） to that of the coeval depleted mantle; their Hf model ages of 2.49 to 2.75 Ga are close to the U-Pb ages of zircons. The highest εHf（t） values are close to the value of the depleted mantle, and the relatively high εHf（t） values corresponds to the relatively young Hf model age. These Nd and Hf isotope features suggest that these two types of gneisses of the Huai’an gneiss terrane originated from the juvenile crust at ca. 2.5 Ga.     

LA-(MC)-ICPMS U-Pb zircon geochronology and Lu-Hf isotope compositions of the Taihua complex on the southern margin of the North China Craton

Widely distributed on the southern margin of the North China Craton, the Taihua complex extends roughly in an east-west direction and the relatively complete successions are found in Lushan County, Henan Province. Like many other Archean terranes, the Taihua Complex can be divided into two major lithological units along the Dangze River, namely gneisses series and supracrustal rocks. The former is located on the north side of the river and chiefly composed of TTG gneisses and amphibolites; the latter on the south side of the river is mainly supracrustal rock. Coupled with the previous studies, the results obtained by this study show that the Taihua complex was formed in a large time span from Neoarchean to Palaeoproterozoic. The TTG gneisses and amphibolites are dated at Neoarchean (2794–2752 Ma). The 2.9 Ga and 3.1 Ga zircons in amphibolites could be xenocrysts. In the North China Craton, the 2.8–2.7 Ga old rocks crop out in several areas e.g. western Shandong Province, Jiaodong Peninsula and Lushan area of Henan Province. In addition, 2.8–2.7 Ga detrital zircons or xenocryst zircons have been recognized in Huai’an, Fuping, Wutai areas of North China Craton and also reported in the Early Paleozoic diamondiferous kimberlites in Mengyin and Fuxian. All these age results indicate that the 2.8–2.7 Ga rocks may have been developed much broader region than today’s outcrops. Zircon Hf and whole rock Nd isotopes show that the 2.8–2.7 Ga tectono-thermal event represents an important period of crustal growth with minor ancient crust reworked in the North China Craton. However the formation of supracrustal rocks is limited to 2.2–2.0 Ga in the Palaeoproterozoic time, not the Archaean, as previously believed. Combined with the chronological data of aluminium-rich metamorphic rocks (Khondalite series) on the southern margin of the North China Craton and adjacent areas, it is suggested that the above areas have widely developed Paleoproterozoic passive continental margin environment.     

人工智能Prolog语言的基本概念

通常的过程式的语言,如Basic,Fortran,Pascal语言在解决问题时,程序员给出一系列计算机要执行的计算步骤,即告诉计算机“如何做”。而人工智能的语言——非过程式语言(Prolog),它不必告诉计算机如何做,它能依靠自动搜索、摸式匹配和回溯来求解问题,所以称为超高级语言——人工智能的语言。此语言能描述问题本身外,它还有下面三个特点:     

Simultaneous in-situ determination of U-Pb age and trace elements in zircon by LA-ICP-MS in 20 μm spot size

Simultaneous in-situ determination of U-Pb ages and 20 trace elements of three international zircon standards （91500, GJ1 and TEMORA 1） and one laboratory zircon standard （SK10-2） separated from Cenozoic fine-grained gabbro was carried out on quadrupole ICP-MS equipped with 193 nm excimer laser in 20 μm spot size. The weighted mean ^206Pb/^238U ages of 91500, GJ1 and TEMORA 1 are 1064.4±4.8 Ma （2σ）, 603.2±2.4 Ma （2σ） and 418.2±2.4 Ma （2σ）, respectively. The relative standard deviations （RSDs） of ^206Pb/^238U ages （2σ） are less than 2.2% for single measurements and 0.6% for weighted means. The obtained weighted mean ^206Pb/^238U ages of three standard zircons agree with the recommended values within 2σrerror. The weighted mean ^206Pb/^238U age of SK10-2 is 31.42=0.25 Ma （2σ） and the RSDs of ^206Pb/^238U ages （2σ） are between 2.4% and 5.7% for single measurements and less than 0.8% for weighted mean. The obtained weighted mean ^206Pb/^238U age is in good agreement with the age obtained by Yuan （2004）. Trace element concentrations of NIST612 and NIST614 obtained under the same LA-ICP-MS operating conditions agree with the recommended values within analytical error. The results indicate that it is possible to measure U-Pb age and trace elements simultaneously by LA-ICP-MS in a small spot size of 20μm.     

金属锂在含多硫化物电解液中的稳定性研究

采用交流阻抗法、循环伏安法对金属锂在含多硫化物电解液和不含多硫化物电解液中生成的表面固体电解质界面膜(SEI膜)的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,与在不含多硫化物电解液中形成的SEI膜相比,金属锂在含多硫化物电解液中形成的SEI膜更稳定,导电性更好,多次循环后金属锂表面没有明显的枝晶、粉化发生,金属锂在含多硫化物电解液中的交换电流密度和充放电效率更高。