免疫缺陷大鼠模型的研究进展

免疫缺陷动物模型是指通过筛选自发突变或者基因工程改造建立的缺失一种或多种免疫系统组分，并用于生物医学研究的动物模型。免疫缺陷小鼠模型发展较为成熟，为人源化、患者来源异种移植(patient-derived xenograft, PDX)、干细胞移植以及传染性疾病等研究提供了良好的工具。与小鼠相比，大鼠具有体型更大，代谢和生理与人更接近，更易进行手术操作、样本获取，以及长期应用于临床前毒理和药理的评估等优势。因此，近年来出现了各种免疫缺陷大鼠模型。文章通过动物模型之间的比较，着重综述了免疫缺陷大鼠模型的最新进展，并展望其在干细胞研究和抗肿瘤治疗中的应用前景。     

融媒体背景下传统民营科技型企业的互联网转型:协同进化视角

借助隐喻手段,基于融媒体发展背景,以协同进化为理论依据,剖析传统民营科技型企业的互联网转型过程,总结机理与路径,提出协同进化式转型的理论模型.以千城智联(上海)网络科技有限公司为案例企业,分析其与地方电视台的协同进化过程,研究发现:①基因改变意味着组织认知模式的变化,具体表现是互联网思维的建立以及从单式思维到链式思维的转变;②协同进化基本路径为企业基因改变→企业行为转变→合作方基因改变→合作方行为转变→企业与合作方性状变化;③协同进化的标志是生态位改变,后者由协同关系的转变来衡量,分别经历了买卖关系、资源共享关系、价值共创与共享关系三种状态;④协同关系的演进激发平台网络效应的形成.     

带梁式转换层框支剪力墙结构抗连续倒塌分析

为研究带梁式转换层框支剪力墙结构的抗连续倒塌能力及变形程度,通过有限元软件建立本结构的三维模型,基于备用荷载路径法,以某带梁式转换层的框支剪力墙结构为研究对象,选取不同失效工况分别进行非线性分析,研究初始破坏后剩余结构的节点位移、内力机制及内力重分布过程.结果表明:根据各个工况下对失效点变形情况可得底层位移大于转换层位移;同层不同位置柱的对应位移大小依次为角柱、内柱、长边中柱、短边中柱;承重柱失效后其相邻构件的不平衡内力分担情况遵循"就近原则".     

黏结剂对RDX/Al复合含能材料的性能影响

为了研究不同黏结剂对RDX/Al复合含能材料性能的影响,分别以氟橡胶(F_(2602))、热塑性聚氨酯(Estane5703)和硝化棉(NC)为黏结剂,利用喷雾干燥法制备了3种含有不同黏结剂成分的黑索今(RDX)/Al复合含能材料。采用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS)、X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction, XRD)和差示扫描量热仪(differential scanning calorimeter, DSC)对样品的形貌、表面元素、结构和热分解特性进行了表征;采用12型工具法测试了样品的撞击感度。结果表明:以F_(2602)为黏结剂制备的样品表面光滑,颗粒密实,表面有大量F元素且Al元素含量最少,包覆黏结效果最好;使用3种黏结剂制备的样品晶型未发生改变;使用F_(2602)、Estane5703和NC制备的样品热爆炸临界温度较RDX分别降低了6.17、0.81、6.24 K,说明铝粉的加入提高了RDX的热分解活性;以F_(2602)为黏结剂制备的样品特性落高较RDX提高了68.3 cm,撞击感度最低。     

Robust Chattering-Free Finite Time Attitude Tracking Control with Input Saturation

This paper addresses the attitude tracking control problem of a rigid spacecraft in the presence of the modeling uncertainty, external disturbance, and saturated control input by designing two robust attitude tracking controllers. The basic controller is formulated using an integral sliding mode surface which is continuous and provides an asymptotic convergence rate for the closed-loop system. In this case, only the external disturbance with the prior information is considered. Then, to provide a finite time convergence rate and further improve the robustness of the control system under the unknown system uncertainty containing both the modeling uncertainty and external disturbance,a novel integral terminal sliding mode surface(ITSMS) is designed and associated with the continuous adaptive control method. Besides, a command filter is utilized to deal with the immeasurability problem within the proposed ITSMS and an auxiliary system to counteract the input saturation problem. Digital simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.     

Bidirectional Feedback Dynamic Particle Filter with Big Data for the Particle Degeneracy Problem

Particle Filter(PF) is a data assimilation method to solve recursive state estimation problem which does not depend on the assumption of Gaussian noise, and is able to be applied for various systems even with non-linear and non-Gaussian noise. However, while applying PF in dynamic systems, PF undergoes particle degeneracy,sample impoverishment, and problems of high computational complexity. Rapidly developing sensing technologies are providing highly convenient availability of real-time big traffic data from the system under study like never before. Moreover, some sensors can even receive control commands to adjust their monitoring parameters. To address these problems, a bidirectional dynamic data-driven improvement framework for PF(B3 DPF) is proposed.The B3 DPF enhances feedback between the simulation model and the big traffic data collected by the sensors,which means the execution strategies(sensor data management, parameters used in the weight computation,resampling) of B3 DPF can be optimized based on the simulation results and the types and dimensions of traffic data injected into B3 DPF can be adjusted dynamically. The first experiment indicates that the B3 DPF overcomes particle degeneracy and sample impoverishment problems and accurately estimates the state at a faster speed than the normal PF. More importantly, the new method has higher accuracy for multidimensional random systems.In the rest of experiments, the proposed framework is applied to estimate the traffic state on a real road network and obtains satisfactory results. More experiments can be designed to validate the universal properties of B3 DPF.     

Structure and function of Zika virus NS5 protein: perspectives for drug design

Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the positive-sense single-stranded RNA-containing Flaviviridae family. Its recent outbreak and association with human diseases (e.g. neurological disorders) have raised global health concerns, and an urgency to develop a therapeutic strategy against ZIKV infection. However, there is no currently approved antiviral against ZIKV. Here we present a comprehensive overview on recent progress in structure–function investigation of ZIKV NS5 protein, the largest non-structural protein of ZIKV, which is responsible for replication of the viral genome, RNA capping and suppression of host interferon responses. Structural comparison of the N-terminal methyltransferase domain and C-terminal RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain of ZIKV NS5 with their counterparts from related viruses provides mechanistic insights into ZIKV NS5-mediated RNA replication, and identifies residues critical for its enzymatic activities. Finally, a collection of recently identified small molecule inhibitors against ZIKV NS5 or its closely related flavivirus homologues are also discussed.     

基于二次型跟踪器的实时能量管理优化策略

为了解决当前混合动力汽车能量管理策略不能同时兼顾最优性与实时性的问题，以采用行星式混合动力系统的物流车为研究对象，基于二次型跟踪器理论提出了一种可在线实时应用的能量管理优化策略。建立了行星式混合动力系统的线性数学模型，开发了直接节油型二次型跟踪器单自由度优化策略，基于MATLAB/Simulink软件平台进行了离线仿真验证，仿真结果表明该策略获得与全局优化算法相近的节油效果。在基于dSPACE/Simulator搭建的硬件在环平台上进行了硬件在环测试，测试结果表明该策略具有良好的实时应用性。     

云计算安全体系设计与实现综述

云计算的安全性既要面对传统信息技术带来的安全威胁，又要面对云计算核心技术，如虚拟化带来的新风险。根据经典的以安全策略(policy)、保护(protection)、检测(detection)和响应(response)为核心的安全模型—PPDR模型，结合笔者在云服务商工作积累的多年安全实践，论述了云计算安全体系设计与实现的关键技术，包括网络、主机、应用、数据和运维运营5个层面的安全设计与实现，并对云计算安全相关的技术趋势进行了展望。提出一种经实战检验的云计算安全体系的设计与实现，特别是数据安全体系的设计与实现。该体系上线3年来，已消减针对云平台99.99%以上的安全攻击，经受住了现网大规模安全实战的考验。     

高速列车外流场气动噪声的特性研究

针对高速列车外流场气动噪声完成了在线实验测试研究，对列车模型进行了简化并确定了合理性；进行了列车模型湍流流场模拟，完成了列车远场气动噪声的预测研究.研究表明，合理缩短列车不会改变车身表面声功率分布规律；高速列车气动噪声属于宽频带噪声；在频率范围(0～ 5000Hz)内气动噪声仿真与实验结果吻合较好，说明仿真方法准确度高；列车转向架处湍流最为剧烈，其次为车头鼻锥处；车身表面的气流最为平缓，进一步说明缩短列车模型的合理性.所提出的仿真方法能够为高速列车的结构优化设计提供依据，并能验证高速列车气动噪声控制方法的有效性.