Centennial changes of drought/flood spatial pattern in eastern China for the last 2000 years

The statistical characteristics of the bicentennial changes of the drought/flood spatial pattern over the eastern part of China have been analyzed from 101 AD to 1900 AD, and their relationship with the cold/warm climatic variation in the same time span are discussed as well. The main conclusions are as follows. (I) During the period of the 2nd ～ 11th centuries, the spatial pattern of drought/flood in the eastern part of China was characterized by thc east-west differentiation. Namely, it was dry in the west (northwest) while it was wet in the east (southeast). (ii) From the 12th to 15th centuries, the east-west differentiation coexisted with the south-north differentiation, and the former was still the dominant pattern. (iii) However, the dominant spatial pattern changed to the south- north differentiation during the 16th ～ 19th centuries, namely, it was dry in the north and wet in the south. As for the dry-wet demarcation line. It shifted westward in warn times, and once reached Datong-Taiyuan-Xi' an-Hanzhong; whereas in cold times, it retreated southeastward and reached Ji' nan-Heze-Nanyang. Furthermore, the transmeridian (W-E) dry-wet demarcation line was replaced by the meridian (N-S) dry-wet demarcation line during the two coldest periods. Moreover, in cold times, it was dry in northern China, and it was wet in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River and regions south of Changjiang River; in warm times, however, it was wet in northern China, and was dry in eastern China, especially in the lower reaches of Changjiang River and regions south of Changjiang River.     

过去300年中国部分省区耕地资源数量变化及驱动因素分析

通过对清代文献资料中田亩数据的分析,认为册载数据基本能够反映耕地面积的总体变化趋势和区域差别,但在总量上失之过低.为能更真实地反映耕地资源的变化实际,文中对其进行了相应处理.在此基础上,研究了300余年以来我国内地18省耕地资源的时空变化特点.总体而言,过去300年间研究区的耕地资源数量呈抛物线式变化,清前期的增长趋势明显,但至清晚期逐渐稳定下来,民国时期略有下降,新中国建立初期基本得到恢复.但是,此后又开始持续减少.过去300年间耕地资源的变化具有较为明显的区域性特点.东部地区的垦殖活动远较西部地区剧烈,但在清前期,西部地区,如四川、甘肃、云南、贵州等省份耕地资源数量的增长趋势更加迅猛.分析表明,这种变化的主要驱动因素是人口增长、政府政策调整、战争影响、自然原因和特定作物的引种与种植扩展等.     

过去2000年中国温度变化研究的几个问题

根据最近重建的中国东部地区过去2000年冬半年温度距平序列,结合最近其他一些相关研究结果,对过去2000年中国温度变化序列的重建方法、小冰期及魏晋南北朝冷期的起迄时间与寒冷状况、中世纪暖期与隋唐暖期的温暖程度、过去2000年中国冷暖变化的幅度与速率、温度变化的千年波动周期、20世纪气候增暖是否超出过去2000年气候波动的最大范围及20世纪暖期历史相似型等几个问题进行了综合评述.     

过去2000 a中国东部干湿分异的百年际变化

分析了101～1900AD间中国东部每200a的干湿分异及其变化状况,讨论了它们与冷暖变化的对应关系.结果显示:2～11世纪,我国东部干湿分异为东西分异,西(西北)干东(东南)湿;12～15世纪,东西分异与南北分异并存,但仍以东西分异为主;而16～19世纪则为南北分异,北干南湿.冷暖变化与区域干湿变化的对应关系是:在暖的时期,干湿分界线偏西,最西达大同-太原-西安-汉中一线;在相对较冷的时期,干湿分界线摆向东南,达济南-菏泽-南阳一线,摆动最大幅度达5个经度以上;而在最冷的两个时段,东西分界线被南北分界线所取代.冷的时期,华北地区偏干,长江中下游及其以南地区偏湿;暖的时期,华北地区湿润,华东地区,特别是长江下游及其以南地区偏干.