涤纶的酶法改性研究进展

从涤纶纤维自身的特性和其改性研究的现状、理想的涤纶表面改性应满足的要求以及酶在纺织工业中的应用现状等方面出发,综述了涤纶纤维及其织物酶法改性的背景和国内外研究现状,介绍了涤纶酶法改性研究中所用的酶以及酶的筛选方法,探讨了涤纶酶法改性研究中存在的若干问题,并对涤纶酶法改性的前景做了展望.     

载银细菌纳米纤维素膜的抗菌评价

通过原位还原合成法,利用细菌纳米纤维素膜制备了载单质银抗菌膜,并以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌为试验菌种,通过抑菌圈法、定时暴露法(改良的AATCC100法)对载银纳米纤维素膜进行抗菌性能测试.抑菌圈试验结果显示:载银纳米纤维素膜在3种细菌涂布的平板上都有明显的抑菌圈出现,金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈分别约为11,3和2.6mm.载银纳米纤维素膜作用于金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌率分别可达99.99%,99.98%及99.87%,证明该载银膜对3种细菌都有显著的抗菌效果.该研究结果表明载银纳米纤维素抗菌膜在创伤敷料领域具有很好的应用潜力.     

生物制备功能性木低聚糖

以里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei Rut C30)为菌种,采用改进的Mandels配方能合成酶活力高达25.5IU/mL的木聚糖酶,产酶周期3d.在酶用量1%,温度50℃的条件下,酶解35g/L的纯木聚糖4～10h,可获得74.08%～87.89%的低聚糖,此时低聚糖与木糖之比为16.76～12.30.当用55cm×7.5cm的凝胶柱在进样量60mL,洗脱速度800mL/h,柱温为50℃的分离条件下,能较好地将聚糖与木低聚糖分开,总分离时间仅需3h.     

诱变选育木醋杆菌以提高细菌纤维素产量

针对野生型木醋杆菌纤维素产量较低的问题,采用化学、物理以及物理一化学相结合的手段诱变筛选得到多株高产纤维素的木醋杆菌诱变株.其中,经亚硝酸诱变处理获得的3株高产菌株的纤维素产量是原始菌株的2.2～2.8倍,而经紫外照射结合氯化锂诱变处理得到的2株菌株的产量大约是原始菌株的1.4倍.该结果为今后工业化大规模生产奠定了坚实的基础.     

Enzymatic Method for Rapid Determination of Oxalic Acid in Bleaching Filtrates from the Pulp and Paper Industry

Bleaching with oxygen-containing agents and recirculation of process streams in the pulp and paper industry has increased the accumulation of oxalic acid and danger for precipitation of calcium oxalate encrusts, scaling. Analysis and control of oxalic acid in bleaching filtrates is therefore becoming increasingly important in the pulp and paper industry. Chromatographic methods, such as IC and HPLC, are generally more time-consuming but are valuable as standard methods for determination of oxalic acid. However, the instrumentation needed is expensive and stationary. In this study, an enzymatic method based on oxalate oxidase and peroxidase was developed to determine oxalic acid in authentic bleaching filtrates using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that bleaching filtrates contain some compounds interfering with the enzymatic method. Pretreatment of the samples with activated charcoal was a successful approach for decreasing problems with interference. By using dilution followed by charcoal treatment, the results obtained from five bleaching filtrates with the colorimetric method correlated very well with those obtained using IC. This study offers a selective, fast and mobile analysis method to determine oxalic acid in bleaching filtrates from the pulp and paper industry. The convenient enzyme-based method improves the possibilities for control of critical oxalic acid concentrations in closed-loop bleaching streams.     

废弃棉织物的离子液体预处理与酶水解

利用1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([AMIM]Cl)离子液体预处理废弃棉织物,再经纤维素酶水解.通过偏振光显微镜观察棉纤维的溶解过程,采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱表征棉织物处理前后的形貌和结构.结果表明,[AMIM]Cl处理棉织物的最佳温度和时间是110℃和90min.此条件下,[AMIM]Cl对棉织物纤维素的溶解为物理溶解,处理后纤维素的晶型由Ⅰ型转为Ⅱ型,结晶度比未处理时降低了57%.再生纤维素酶解48h后还原糖得率达96%,约为未处理的6倍.     

Enzymatic Modification of Poly （ethylene terephthalate） Fiber with Lipase from Aspergillus oryzae

Lipase preparation from Aspergillus oryzae could act on ester bonds on the surface of poly （ethylene terephthalate） fibers and a possible hydrolytic product mono （2-hydroxyethyl） terephthalate was released. After the iipase modification, there were more carboxyi groups on the treated poly （ethylene terephthalate） fabric surface that resulted in binding with more cationic dyes. Increased hydrophilicity and antistatic ability of poly （ethylene terephthalate） samples were found based on moisture regain, water contact angle and static half decay time.     

调控pH值提高木聚糖酶活力的研究

通过控制产酶过程ｐＨ 值能有效提高里氏木霉木聚糖酶活力。结果表明,当控制产酶ｐＨ 为４ ．０ 时,有利于提高木聚糖酶活力,且此ｐＨ 对提高β－ 木糖苷酶活力的影响更大。ｐＨ 调控时间不宜过长,一般应以控制１ ～２ ｄ 后让其自由发展为宜。     

里氏木霉制备木聚糖酶的产酶历程

以玉米芯木聚糖为原料,里氏木霉（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａｒｅｓｅｉ）ＲｕｔＣ３０为菌种,采用改进的Ｍａｎｄｅｌｓ配方制备木聚糖酶,产酶历程与制备纤维素酶时有较大差异。具体表现在产酶周期短,ｐＨ值基本无下降的趋势,酶液中可溶性蛋白质浓度较低。底物浓度为７ｇ／Ｌ时,木聚糖酶活力达１２５６ＩＵ／ｍＬ,比活力、酶得率及酶产率分别为８１９０ＩＵ／ｍｇ蛋白质、１７９４３ＩＵ／ｇ木聚糖和４１８６．７ＩＵ／Ｌ·ｄ。产酶最终ｐＨ应控制在６～７较为适宜,酶活力最高。ｐＨ超过７．０,酶可能失活。酶解结果表明,木聚糖酶对木聚糖干粉具有很高的降解效率,当每克底物的酶用量为０．１克木聚糖干粉产的酶液量时,酶解得率一般可达９０％左右。