Reactions of Benzo[ b ]cyclobuta[ d ]pyran-3-one Derivatives with Sulfur Ylide

1 Introduction Small ring size cycloalkanes such as cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes have been found as a basic structural constituent in a wide rang of natural products~([1]). In organic synthesis, their cycloalkanes also play an important role owing to their diversity of reaction.1IntroductionSmall ring size cycloalkanes such as cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes have beenfound as a basic structuralconstituent in a wide rang of natural products[1].In organic synthesis ,their cycloalkanes also pla…     

Super-high sensitivity systems for detection and spectral analysis of ultraweak photon emission from biological cells and tissues

In this paper we summarize and discuss the modern technology and systems, studied and established by our research group, for performing the detection and special analysis incorporated with the super-high sensitivity photon counting method for the study of ultraweak photon emission; for example, extra-weak bioluminescence and chemiluminescence from living cells and tissues, closely related to biochemical and biophysical processes and activities. An excellent sensitivity of the basic photon counting system, making it possible to achieve count rates in the very low range of one photoelectron per second to one per minute, allowed us to carry out in vivo as well as in vitro measurements, and analyses of ultraweak bioluminescence and chemiluminescence. Recent results concerning ultraweak photon emission from blood samples and organ homogenates of rats are presented and reviewed as one of the interesting and valuable applications of our modern technology for studying ultraweak cell and tissue radiation.     

Super-high sensitivity systems for detection and spectral analysis of ultraweak photon emission from biological cell cells and tissues

Summary In this paper we summarize and discuss the modern technology and systems, studied and established by our research group, for performing the detection and special analysis incorporated with the super-high senstivity photon counting method for the study of ultraweak photon emission; for example, extra-weak bioluminescence and chemiluminescence from living cells and tissues, closely related to biochemical and biophysical processes and activities. An excellent sensitivity of the basic photon counting system, making it possible to achieve count rates in the very low range of one photoelectron per second to one per minute, allowed us to carry out in vivo as well as in vitro measurements, and analyses of ultraweak bioluminescence and chemiluminescence. Recent results concerning ultraweak photon emission from blood samples and organ homogenates of rats are presented and reviewed as one of the interesting and valuable applications of our modern technology for studying ultraweak cell and tissue radiation.     

Phosphoinositide phosphatase activity coupled to an intrinsic voltage sensor

Changes in membrane potential affect ion channels and transporters, which then alter intracellular chemical conditions. Other signalling pathways coupled to membrane potential have been suggested but their underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we describe a novel protein from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis that has a transmembrane voltage-sensing domain homologous to the S1-S4 segments of voltage-gated channels and a cytoplasmic domain similar to phosphatase and tensin homologue. This protein, named C. intestinalis voltage-sensor-containing phosphatase (Ci-VSP), displays channel-like 'gating' currents and directly translates changes in membrane potential into the turnover of phosphoinositides. The activity of the phosphoinositide phosphatase in Ci-VSP is tuned within a physiological range of membrane potential. Immunocytochemical studies show that Ci-VSP is expressed in Ciona sperm tail membranes, indicating a possible role in sperm function or morphology. Our data demonstrate that voltage sensing can function beyond channel proteins and thus more ubiquitously than previously realized.     

氦浴温度对超流氦噪声沸腾压力振动的影响

噪声沸腾是超流氦传热中的一个特殊现象，对这种现象的充分认识有助于超流氦在诸如超导磁体的冷却等方面的实际应用．氦浴温度是影响噪声沸腾的一个重要因素．本文运用脉冲电流加热一个大小为２．５ｃｍ×２．５ｃｍ的小试样，同时用一个压力传感器测量了在不同氦浴温度下噪声沸腾时的压力振动，并对不同氦浴温度下噪声沸腾的压力振动曲线进行了详细的分析．实验结果显示在过冷态超流氦的沸腾中，一个极薄的气膜在小试样上振动，几乎没有什么噪声；而在饱和态超流氦的沸腾中，一个小试样大小相当的气泡在其表面上反复振动，并伴随着巨大的噪声和强烈的机械振动．氦浴温度对噪声沸腾的影响主要体现在对噪声沸腾的特征频率和沸腾状态发生改变时的临界静压液柱等方面．     

Mechanisms of ciliogenesis suppression in dividing cells

The primary cilium is a non-motile and microtubule-enriched protrusion ensheathed by plasma membrane. Primary cilia function as mechano/chemosensors and signaling hubs and their disorders predispose to a wide spectrum of human diseases. Most types of cells assemble their primary cilia in response to cellular quiescence, whereas they start to retract the primary cilia upon cell-cycle reentry. The retardation of ciliary resorption process has been shown to delay cell-cycle progression to the S or M phase after cell-cycle reentry. Apart from this conventional concept of ciliary disassembly linked to cell-cycle reentry, recent studies have led to a novel concept, suggesting that cells can suppress primary cilia assembly during cell proliferation. Accumulating evidence has also demonstrated the importance of Aurora-A (a protein originally identified as one of mitotic kinases) not only in ciliary resorption after cell-cycle reentry but also in the suppression of ciliogenesis in proliferating cells, whereas Aurora-A activators are clearly distinct in both phenomena. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of how cycling cells suppress ciliogenesis and compare it with mechanisms underlying ciliary resorption after cell-cycle reentry. We also discuss a reciprocal relationship between primary cilia and cell proliferation.