Fabrication and superconducting properties of nano-SiC doped MgB2 tapes

Nano-SiC doped MgB2 tapes were prepared by the in situ powder-in-tube method. Heat treatment was performed at 650℃ for 1 h. XRD data indicate that SiC particles had reacted with the MgB2 during sintering process. MgB2 core seemed to be denser after SiC doping, and the critical temperature was slightly depressed. The critical current density Jc of the SiC doped tapes was significantly enhanced in magnetic fields up to 14 T compared to the undoped ones. For the 5% SiC doped samples, Jc was in- creased by a factor of 32 at 4.2 K, 10 T. The enhancement of Jc-B properties in SiC doped MgB2 tapes is considered to be due to the enhancement of grain linkages and the introduction of effective flux pining centers. The substitution of B by C in MgB2 grains is thought to be the main reason for the improve- ment of the flux pinning ability in SiC doped MgB2 tapes.     

不同形状的氧化石墨烯-金纳米粒子对对硝基苯酚的表面增强拉曼活性特性分析

通过种子生长法合成了不同形态的金纳米粒子,之后加入至氧化石墨烯水分散液中超声震荡得到不同形状的氧化石墨烯-金纳米粒子复合物。运用扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、拉曼光谱等表征手段,探究复合物的表面结构、结合能与电荷状态,通过对对硝基苯酚的检测以表征其拉曼活性,并分析造成不同增强效果的原因。结果表明,氧化石墨烯-金纳米粒子复合物表现出良好的表面增强拉曼活性,可以成功地检测到10^-5 mol/L的对硝基苯酚,且复合物的表面增强拉曼活性因金粒子的形状不同而有所差异。     

硝酸胍热分解特性及其动力学分析

采用5、10、15、20K/min的不同线性升温速率,研究硝酸胍（GN）的热分解过程,通过Flynn-Wall-Ozawa （FWO）法、Kissinger Akahira and Sunose （KAS）法和Coats-Redfern （CR）法进行热动力学分析,并利用热力学理论求解相关热安全性参数。结果表明,硝酸胍在450~700K的温度范围内呈一步失重,热重法（TG）的平均外推起始温度为580.28K;当转化率为0.1~0.9时,FWO法和KAS法得到的平均表观活化能分别为140.43kJ/mol和137.82kJ/mol,自燃倾向等级为Ⅰ级;CR法表明Avrami-Erofeev （A2）为硝酸胍的最适机理函数模型;在310~370K的温度范围内,硝酸胍的比热容随温度的升高而逐渐增大,平均值为3.148J/（g·K）;自加速分解温度（T_SADT）和自发火温度（T_be0）分别为530.15K和548.10K;活化熵（ΔS^≠）和活化焓（ΔH^≠）随升温速率的增大而减小,活化自由能（ΔG^≠）和反应速率常数随升温速率的增大而增大。     

Preparation, characterization and photodegradation of methylene blue based on TiO2 microparticles modified with thiophene substituents

The new microparticles,2-formylthiophene(FT)/TiO2 and(E)-1,2-bis(5-formyl-2-thienyl) ethylene(EBFTE)/TiO2 were synthesized with a silane coupling agent.The prepared TiO2 composites were characterized using Ultraviolet-Vis absorption(UV-Vis),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA).Methylene blue was used as a model material to examine the photocatalytic activities of the prepared catalysts under both Ultraviolet-Vis(UV) and visible(Vis) light.The enhanced photocatalytic activities were observed in the presence of(FT)/TiO2 and EBFTE/TiO2 under Vis light.It suggests that FT or EBFTE plays a block or active role in the photodegradation mechanisms under UV and Vis light irradiation,respectively.     

北京市局部大气沉降颗粒表面成分分析

采用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对大气沉降颗粒表面元素组成和元素的存在形式进行分析,发现其表面含有Al、Ca、Si等地壳元素和C、N、O等轻元素。Al、Si、Ca等地壳元素的原子数分数总和高达16.4%,表明大气颗粒物的沉降过程伴随着地壳元素的累积;元素S与N的原子数分数比值接近1,表明没有足够的碱性物质NH₃中和酸性物质SO₄^2-,沉降颗粒表面呈现酸性。结合高分辨率XPS图谱分析,发现沉降颗粒物表面的含碳物质以有机含碳化合物为主,同时存在少量的无定型碳;而氮元素则主要来源于以NO_x、NH₄⁺为主的无机氮和以吡啶氮为主的有机氮。     

Implementation of an efficient segregated algorithm-IDEAL on 3D collocated grid system

The segregated algorithm-IDEAL (inner doubly-iterative efficient algorithm for linked-equations) is an efficient and stable algorithm. In this algorithm, there exist inner doubly-iterative processes for pressure equation, which almost completely overcome two approximations in SIMPLE algorithm. Thus the coupling between velocity and pressure is fully guaranteed, greatly enhancing the convergence rate and stability of iteration process. In this paper, implementation of the IDEAL algorithm on a 3D collocated grid system is conducted. The interface velocity is calculated by the modified momentum interpolation method (MMIM), by which the converged result is independent of the under-relaxation factor. Finally, five three-dimensional incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer problems are provided to compare the convergence rate and robustness between the IDEAL and three other most widely-used algorithms (SIMPLER, SIMPLEC and PISO). By the comparison it can be concluded that the IDEAL algorithm is more robust and efficient than the three other algorithms. Supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50636050), Fundamental Projects of Research and Development in China (973) (Grant Nos. 2006CB601203 and 2007CB206902)     

Direct growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on substrates

As one of the most promising candidate material for next generation electronic devices, the reliable and controllable synthesis of high quality single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has long been an essential and important issue in the field. Direct growth of SWNTs on flat substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process is the best way to obtain SWNTs because it is immediately ready for building nano-devices. The orientation of the SWNTs has been well controlled by gas flow or substrate lattice during the CVD growth process. The chirality and structure control of SWNTs is still a big challenge. However, the conductivity selective growth has already partially succeeded. New catalysts have been explored to obtain SWNTs of higher quality. Along with the further progress in the study of the SWNT growth, the precise control over the orientation, position and conductivity of SWNTs is expected to meet the requirements of carbon-based nanoelectronics.     

氧化石墨烯-金纳米粒子复合物的表面增强拉曼活性特性

通过水热法合成了氧化石墨烯-金纳米粒子复合物,利用透射电镜和紫外光谱对其进行表面特征和吸收特征分析,并以结晶紫为探针分子,利用拉曼技术分析其拉曼活性。研究结果表明,实验得到的氧化石墨烯-金纳米粒子复合物可以成功检测到10^-4 mol/L的结晶紫溶液,具有良好的拉曼活性。     

Ag/reduced graphene oxide(RGO) nanocomposites for detection of TNT

The modified Hummers method was employed to generate graphene oxide, and Ag/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites were synthesized at different temperatures by using sodium citrate as the reductant. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize the reaction products. The results indicate that RGO has been synthesized successfully, and Ag particles are distributed evenly on the surface of RGO. The RGO prepared at a reaction temperature of 120℃ shows the best surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity. The Ag/RGO nanocomposites modified by 10^-5 mol/L 4-aminothiophenol (PATP) successfully detect a 10^-5 mol/L 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) alcohol solution.     

Effect of microwave on formation/decomposition of natural gas hydrate

Natural gas hydrate (NGH) reservoirs have been considered as a substantial future clean energy re-source and how to recover gas from these reservoirs feasibly and economically is very important. Mi-crowave heating will be taken as a promising method for gas production from gas hydrates for its ad-vantages of fast heat transfer and flexible application. In this work, we investigate the formation /decomposition behavior of natural gas hydrate with different power of microwave (2450MHZ), pre-liminarily analyze the impact of microwave on phase equilibrium of gas hydrate,and make calculation based on van der Waals-Platteeuw model. It is found that microwave of a certain amount of power can reduce the induction time and sub-cooling degree of NGH formation, e.g., 20W microwave power can lead to a decrease of about 3℃ in sub-cooling degree and the shortening of induction time from 4.5 hours to 1.3 hours. Microwave can make rapid NGH decomposition, and water from NGH decomposi-tion accelerates the decomposition of NGH with the decomposition of NGH. Under the same pressure, microwave can increase NGH phase equilibrium temperature. Different dielectric properties of each composition of NGH may cause a distinct difference in temperature in the process of NGH decomposi-tion. Therefore, NGH decomposition by microwave can be affected by many factors.