多产柴油的催化裂化动力学模型

在已开发的重油催化裂化十一集总动力学模型的基础上，对参数估计方法进行了改进，建立了一步法确定模型动力学参数的方法，并通过一步法得到了MLC-500催化剂多产柴油裂化的动力学参数，模型的实验室验证表明，动力学参数是可靠的。     

Metabolic priming by a secreted fungal effector

Maize smut caused by the fungus Ustilago maydis is a widespread disease characterized by the development of large plant tumours. U. maydis is a biotrophic pathogen that requires living plant tissue for its development and establishes an intimate interaction zone between fungal hyphae and the plant plasma membrane. U. maydis actively suppresses plant defence responses by secreted protein effectors. Its effector repertoire comprises at least 386 genes mostly encoding proteins of unknown function and expressed exclusively during the biotrophic stage. The U. maydis secretome also contains about 150 proteins with probable roles in fungal nutrition, fungal cell wall modification and host penetration as well as proteins unlikely to act in the fungal-host interface like a chorismate mutase. Chorismate mutases are key enzymes of the shikimate pathway and catalyse the conversion of chorismate to prephenate, the precursor for tyrosine and phenylalanine synthesis. Root-knot nematodes inject a secreted chorismate mutase into plant cells likely to affect development. Here we show that the chorismate mutase Cmu1 secreted by U. maydis is a virulence factor. The enzyme is taken up by plant cells, can spread to neighbouring cells and changes the metabolic status of these cells through metabolic priming. Secreted chorismate mutases are found in many plant-associated microbes and might serve as general tools for host manipulation.     

Morphology and growth variation of Agropyron Smithii RYDB. (western wheatgrass) at different salinity levels

The purpose of this study was to determine the morphology and growth responses of Agropyron smithii Rydb. To various saline environments as evaluated in the laboratory. Agropyron smithii Rydb. (Rosana) seeds were germinated, transplanted into nutrient solutions with NaCl concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 m M , and grown for 80 days. Plant height, length of culm, and number of culms per plant were significantly reduced by the presence of NaCl in the nutrient solutions. As the external NaCl concentrations increased, values of root and plant ratio and leaf dry/fresh mass ratio increased significantly; biomass decreased significantly. However, the stomatal index, number of leaves per culm, and ratio of leaf length to leaf width were not significantly affected by the presence of NaCl.     

Dominant missense mutations in ABCC9 cause Cantú syndrome

Cantú syndrome is characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, distinctive facial features, osteochondrodysplasia and cardiac defects. By using family-based exome sequencing, we identified a de novo mutation in ABCC9. Subsequently, we discovered novel dominant missense mutations in ABCC9 in 14 of the 16 individuals with Cantú syndrome examined. The ABCC9 protein is part of an ATP-dependent potassium (K(ATP)) channel that couples the metabolic state of a cell with its electrical activity. All mutations altered amino acids in or close to the transmembrane domains of ABCC9. Using electrophysiological measurements, we show that mutations in ABCC9 reduce the ATP-mediated potassium channel inhibition, resulting in channel opening. Moreover, similarities between the phenotype of individuals with Cantú syndrome and side effects from the K(ATP) channel agonist minoxidil indicate that the mutations in ABCC9 result in channel opening. Given the availability of ABCC9 antagonists, our findings may have direct implications for the treatment of individuals with Cantú syndrome.     

知识库的一致性与完备性检验

本文讨论了基于知识的系统的知识库的一致性与完备性检验;给出了知识库的一致性与完备性的定义及检验方法;探讨了知识库的各种潜在问题对推理过程及结果的影响.     

Descartes' Diskussion der Fermatschen Extremwertmethode—ein Stück Ideengeschichte der Mathematik

Ohne ZusammenfassungVorgelegt von B. L. van der Waerden     

教师“继续教育”观念的更新

本文着眼于课程行政改革的趋势、“课程”观念的更新，提出以“课程设计理论与技术”为重点的“教师本位”的“继续教育”构想。     

镗铣加工中心自动编程系统HFAPTI

首先介绍了镗铣加工中心机床具有大容量刀库和加工范围宽广的特点,它最适合于加工复杂的箱体零件,这类零件具有复杂的孔系,它们的加工工艺复杂,如钻、扩、镗、铰、攻丝,大直径的孔要采用特殊的加工方法——行星铣削,另外还有轮廊铣削和切槽等。这类零件的编程十分复杂,手工编程所需时间和加工时间之比为10:1～30:1。文章介绍了HFAPT1提供的便于箱体零件编程的功能,如点群加工、轮廊铣削和行星铣削,以及HFAPT1的软件模块结构和主要模块的功能及其实现。 文章最后指出了自动编程技术的发展趋势和HFAPT1的进一步发展。