Pedigree transmission disequilibrium test for quantitative traits in farm animals

General pedigrees are very common in farm animals,and the recent availability of large panels of SNPs in domestic species has given new momentum to the search for the mutations underlying variation in quantitative traits.In this paper,we proposed a new transmission disequilibrium test approach,called the pedigree transmission disequilibrium test,which deals with general pedigrees and quantitative traits in farm animals.Compared with the existing pedigree disequilibrium test (PDT) and general linear model-based method QTDT,our approach performed better with higher power and lower type I error,especially in scenarios where the quantitative trait locus (QTL) effect was small.We also investigated the application of our approach in selective genotyping design.Our simulation studies indicated that it was plausible to implement a selective genotyping strategy in the proposed pedigree transmission disequilibrium test.We found that our approach performed equally well or better when only some proportion of the individuals in the two tails were genotyped compared with its performance when all the individuals in the pedigree were genotyped.     

Identification of an S5n allele in Oryza rufipogon Griff. and its effect on embryo sac fertility

Oryza rufipogon exhibits abundant genetic diversity and contains many elite genes. In this work, a total of 441 accessions of O. rufipogon were genetically examined using the functional marker S5n, revealing that 18 accessions carried the S5n allele with a heterozygous genotype (S5nS5i/j). Of these accessions, 14 were from Guangdong Province, 2 from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1 from Hainan Province and 1 from Jiangxi Province. Further sequence analysis spanning both sides of the deletion in S5n allel...     

Preparation of 3-D porous fibroin scaffolds by freeze drying with treatment of methanol solutions

In this study, silk scaffolds with appropriate porous structures were prepared by adjusting solution concentrations and providing treatment with methanol solutions in the way of freeze drying. The effects of the preparation conditions on the microstructures and properties of the scaffolds were discussed. Fibroin solutions with different concentrations of 4, 6, 8, 10 wt% were used respectively to prepare the scaffolds. The effects of the addition of 20 vol% methanol before or after freeze drying to the 4 wt% fibroin solution were investigated. As demonstrated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the fib-roin scaffolds prepared without methanol had porous microstructures composed of thin sheets, and the sizes of the pores decreased with the increase of the fibroin solution concentrations, while the scaffolds prepared in the presence of methanol showed porous microstructures formed by fine-particle aggregates. The porosities and mechanical properties of the prepared fibroin scaffolds under different conditions were tested. The crystalline structures and conformations of the fibroin scaffolds were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).     

Mining rice new germplasm containing S5n gene by functional molecular marker and sequencing

Inter-subspecific hybrids between indica and japonica varieties yield strong biological heterosis, but it is difficult to utilize the hybrids directly in commercial production due to sterility of F1. A special gene S5^n may overcome the hybrids sterility, which is caused by the interaction between S5 loci. Recently, S5^n had been cloned, and it was revealed containing a large DNA deletion sequence that made the gene nonfunctional, compared to S5^i or S5^j. We designed a pair of primers flanking the deletion sequence of Ssn, and then applied to distinguish the varieties with S5^n or non-S5^n, convincing result suggested that the primers could be served as functional molecular marker to efficiently identify the new germplasm with S5^n, Using the functional marker, we surveyed 197 varieties from China National Micro-core Rice Collection, and found ten of which represented S5^n including following varieties： Haobuka, Sanbangqishiluo, Mubanggu, Xiaohonggu, Mowanggu＇neiza, Laozaogu, Fanhaopi, Feie＇nu02, Baoxie-7B, Teqingxuanhui. Among them, two varieties Sanbangqishiluo and Laozaogu was previously reported to contain S5^n gene. Further sequence analysis on the DNA sequence covering both sides of deletion in S5^n of the 10 varieties confirmed that the detected sequences in above varieties was identical with those of varieties containing S5^n, such as 02428 and Linglun. These results suggested that the gene in S5 locus of the ten varieties was also nonfunctional and it proved the presence of S5^n gene.     

高性能多核处理器申威1600

申威1600是国内首款16核高性能通用处理器,具有高性能、低功耗等特点.本文首先介绍了申威1600处理器的研制背景,然后详细描述了申威1600在结构设计、性能提高以及降低功耗各方面的设计思路,给出了物理实现结果和性能与功耗测试数据,并介绍了申威1600在高性能计算机上的应用情况,最后提出未来发展的思路.     

2D TiO2/Ag3PO4异质结复合催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶剂热法制备了二维TiO₂纳米片（2D TiO₂）,然后通过原位生长法在其表面沉积Ag₃PO₄,得到2D TiO₂/Ag₃PO₄异质结复合光催化材料。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、紫外可见分光光谱法（UV-Vis）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、N₂吸附-脱附法（BET）等手段对催化材料进行了表征,评价了2D TiO₂/Ag₃PO₄在可见光下催化降解罗丹明B （RhB）的性能,并结合荧光和电化学测试结果,提出了2D TiO₂/Ag₃PO₄的可见光催化机理。结果表明,2D TiO₂/Ag₃PO₄的吸附-光催化降解性能随着Ag₃PO₄含量的增加而提高;少量H₂O₂可以极大地提高2D TiO₂/Ag₃PO₄的光催化活性;光催化降解RhB过程中的主要活性物质是·OH和·O^-₂,异质结的存在使2D TiO₂/Ag₃PO₄具有比2D TiO₂更优异的光催化活性、电荷分离能力和更快的光电子转移速率。     

Co4S3纳米片的制备以及Fe3+掺杂对其电催化析氧性能的影响

采用溶剂热和超声剥离相结合的方法制备了超薄Co₄S₃纳米片,通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、X-射线衍射分析（XRD）、拉曼光谱（Raman）等手段对其进行了结构和形貌的表征,并研究了其电催化产氧性能。结果表明,Co₄S₃纳米片在电流密度为10 mA/cm²下的过电势为377 mV,塔菲尔（Tafel）斜率为64.47 mV/dec;溶剂热过程中反应温度和溶剂比对产物的析氧反应（OER）催化活性影响不大,但是Fe³⁺的掺杂可以显著降低Co₄S₃纳米片的析氧过电势和Tafel斜率,提高材料的电催化稳定性。最后通过X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析了Fe³⁺的掺杂对Co₄S₃纳米片OER性能影响的机理。     

10Be/7Be implies the contribution of stratosphere-troposphere transport to the winter-spring surface O3 variation observed on the Tibetan Plateau

10Be/7Be is a stratospheric sensitive tracer.In this paper,measurements of 10Be/7Be and surface O3 from October 2005 to May 2006 at Mt.Waliguan (hereafter WLG,100.898°E,39.287°N,3810 m,a.s.l.),China global atmospheric watch (GAW) observatory,are introduced and used to investigate the stratosphere-troposphere transport (STT) and its impact on surface O3 on the Tibetan Plateau.The results show that the magnitude of STT is weak in winter,followed by strengthening from the end of winter to the middle of spring (from mid February to mid April) with large increases in 10Be,7Be,10Be/7Be and surface O3.At the end of spring (from the end of April to mid May in this paper),the STT weakened,and the continuous increase of surface O3 at WLG is produced by tropospheric photochemistry reactions.     

Molecular evolution of rice S 5 n and functional comparison among different sequences

The wide compatibility gene, S ₅ ⁿ , can overcome embryo sac sterility between indica and japonica subspecies of rice. Therefore, it is very important to characterize the features of the S ₅ ⁿ sequence to reveal the origin and evolution of S ₅ ⁿ . In this paper, 26 cultivated rice haplotypes and 22 wild rice accessions harboring S ₅ ⁿ were used to sequence S ₅ ⁿ . The results showed that 15 genotypes among the 48 materials were fully consistent with control cultivar 02428 (CK). The other 33 accessions had different degrees of variation in the S ₅ ⁿ sequence. Variations in the coding region mainly occurred in the second exon and eight materials showed a 10-bp deletion at 1710?C1719 bp, including wild (O. nivara) and cultivated rice, such as IRW501 and Yuetai B. S ₅ ⁿ sequences were not biased and evolved neutrally. The 48 materials could be divided into 4 categories using a phylogenetic tree of the amino acid sequences. Most of the wild rice clustered together, and the cultivated rice clustered into another group. Eight cultivated rice and O. nivara (wild rice) clustered in another group, which were found to lack 10 consecutive bases in exon 2. Eight rice varieties with high numbers of differences in their S ₅ ⁿ coding regions were crossed with testers (typically indica and japonica) to produced test cross F₁ populations. The F₁s were examined for their ability to overcome indica-japonica hybrid sterility. The result showed that the embryo sac fertility of S ₅ ⁿ -containing hybrids increased significantly compared with control hybrids, but there were no differences among the materials with divergent sequences, indirectly proving that S ₅ ⁿ is a non-functional gene.     

南极中山站大气六氟化硫浓度本底特征

六氟化硫(SF_6)是一种增温潜能极高、主要来自人为排放的温室气体,对其大气背景浓度进行长期监测,对于研究全球变化具有重要意义.利用南极中山站区2008年2月~2013年1月近5年SF_6浓度的观测资料,对SF_6本底浓度和变化趋势进行了研究,结果表明:中山站风向为偏东风时大气中SF_6浓度较低,风向为偏西风时浓度较高,这主要是受海陆气团差异引起,而局地源和风速的影响可忽略不计.大气SF_6浓度的变化范围为6.01~7.80 pptv,(1 pptv=1×10~(-12)L/L,下同),平均浓度为6.90±0.40 pptv.SF_6浓度呈明显稳定的年增长趋势,年平均增长速率为0.28 pptv a~(-1),其变化趋势与全球其他观测点较接近,中山站的观测结果可代表南极地区SF_6的本底浓度.通过与全球其他观测点大气SF_6浓度数据对比,结果显示:南半球大气SF_6平均浓度明显低干北半球,北半球是SF_6排放的主要源区;而南半球SF_6主要来源干北半球大气传输和南北半球间大气高度混合,能较好地反映全球大气SF_6本底浓度。南极受人类活动影响很小,是研究全球SF_6浓度变化趋势的理想区域。