Optical properties of amorphous thin film of Se-Te-Ag system prepared by using thermal evaporation technique

Zn_(0.95)Co_(0.05)O and Zn_(0.91)Co_(0.05)Cu_(0.04)O thin films were fabricated on Si(111) substrate by the reactive magnetron sputtering method at different O-Ar ratios.Detailed characterizations by X-ray diffractometry(XRD),X-ray photo-electronic spectrum(XPS), and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) indicate that the doped Cu ions substitute the Zn~(2+) ions in the ZnO lattice.The doped Cu ions are in Cu~+ and Cu~(2+) mixture valence states.The ferromagnetism of the Zn_(0.91)Co_(0.05)Cu_(0.04)O film ...     

Optimality Conditions and Duality for Nondifferentiable Multiobjective Semi-Infinite Programming Problems with Generalized(C,α,ρ,d)-Convexity

This paper obtains sufficient optimality conditions for a nonlinear nondifferentiable multiobjective semi-infinite programming problem involving generalized(C,α,ρ,d)-convex functions.The authors formulate Mond-Weir-type dual model for the nonlinear nondifferentiable multiobjective semiinfinite programming problem and establish weak,strong and strict converse duality theorems relating the primal and the dual problems.     

Upper intestinal lipids trigger a gut-brain-liver axis to regulate glucose production

Energy and glucose homeostasis are regulated by food intake and liver glucose production, respectively. The upper intestine has a critical role in nutrient digestion and absorption. However, studies indicate that upper intestinal lipids inhibit food intake as well in rodents and humans by the activation of an intestine-brain axis. In parallel, a brain-liver axis has recently been proposed to detect blood lipids to inhibit glucose production in rodents. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that upper intestinal lipids activate an intestine-brain-liver neural axis to regulate glucose homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that direct administration of lipids into the upper intestine increased upper intestinal long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A (LCFA-CoA) levels and suppressed glucose production. Co-infusion of the acyl-CoA synthase inhibitor triacsin C or the anaesthetic tetracaine with duodenal lipids abolished the inhibition of glucose production, indicating that upper intestinal LCFA-CoAs regulate glucose production in the preabsorptive state. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or gut vagal deafferentation interrupts the neural connection between the gut and the brain, and blocks the ability of upper intestinal lipids to inhibit glucose production. Direct administration of the N-methyl-d-aspartate ion channel blocker MK-801 into the fourth ventricle or the nucleus of the solitary tract where gut sensory fibres terminate abolished the upper-intestinal-lipid-induced inhibition of glucose production. Finally, hepatic vagotomy negated the inhibitory effects of upper intestinal lipids on glucose production. These findings indicate that upper intestinal lipids activate an intestine-brain-liver neural axis to inhibit glucose production, and thereby reveal a previously unappreciated pathway that regulates glucose homeostasis.     

From East to West- Has the Twain Met? Linkages Between Context Sensitivity and Soft Systems Methodology

This paper links context sensitivity of Indians to mode 2 of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) bringing out the similarities between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft and the primary mode and secondary mode of behaviour of context sensitivity respectively. Both SSM and context sensitivity consider the totality of environment before selecting the most appropriate behaviour. In the Indian context, the three dimensions of context sensitivity—person (patra), time (kal) and ecology (the pattern of relationships people have with their social and physical surrounding) (desh) are the three coordinates along which SSM’s standard of facts and values change. The unbundling of the changing standard of SSM along the three dimensions of person, time and ecology and across the two polarities of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft provides a model which is used to explain the recent economic rise of India.An earlier and shorter version of this paper titled ‘Context sensitivity: An Indian version of soft systems’ has been presented at the ALARPM Congress 2006.     

The Actions of Mahabharat (an Indian Epic): An Analysis from Action Science Perspective

This paper analyses the actions of Mahabharat from the point of view of action science. From the point of view of action science, the source of the problem of Mahabharat is the undiscussable issue of who should be the king of Hastinapur. The paper then analyses the actions of different actors of this epic. It concludes that Yudhishthir displays the Model I governing value of ‘minimize generating or expressing negative feelings’. Duryodhan displays the Model I governing value of ‘maximize winning and minimize losing’. Vidur, Bhishm and Dronacharya display the Model I governing value of ‘be rational’. Together these actors create the ‘limited learning system’ of Model O-I. The primary inhibitory loops created by this limited learning system finally lead to secondary inhibitory loop of polarisation of different actors into two groups and the emergence of win-lose group dynamics in the form of war as the only action which can settle the original undiscussable issue of who should be the king of Hastinapur.