Control of obesity inA vy /a mice by 5α-androstan-17-one

Summary Treating VY/WfL-A ^vy /a mice with 5-androstan-17-one, a mammalian glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, prevented the mice from becoming obese. The weight difference between treated and controlA ^vy /a mice was mainly due to a decreased accumulation of triacylglycerol. The compound did not suppress appetite, had no detectable toxicity and did not affect the lipogenesis rates in the liver and carcass. The weight-controlling effect of 5-androstan-17-one inA ^vy /a mice was reversible upon withdrawal of treatment.The authors wish to thank Mr W.R. Gibson and Drs C.G. Culbertson and P.N. Harris for performing the pathological examinations.     

创新策略、设计策略与设计特色——以消费性电子产业为例

创新是企业成长的动力,而设计可以视为企业一项整合资源,也是产品开发成功的关键因素。但在企业实际产品研发过程中,设计要如何运作,才能达到企业创新的目标,是值得探讨的议题。在过去的研究中发现企业在产品设计方面,的确有一些具体的作法。但是实证企业在创新策略与设计策略乃至具体呈现设计特色之关联模型的研究却非常有限。本研究综合过去有关创新策略、设计策略以及设计特色之文献,针对新产品研发部门主管进行问卷调查。再以结构方程模式检验理论模式和观察数据的适配度。研究结果发现:创新策略、设计策略以及设计特色之关联理论模式和观察数据适配。企业之创新策略会影响产品设计特色,同时企业之创新策略会透过设计策略而影响产品设计特色,其中设计策略对设计特色而言,既是自变项又是中介变项。企业经营者所面临的挑战,往往是如何更快速地推出迎合消费市场需求之新产品,并且有效获利。本研究为首次针对这些创新设计策略变项所进行的实证研究,后续将再针对产品创新设计的议题进一步深入研讨。     

因素空间与模糊决策

以汪培庄的因素空间理论为知识表示的框架，对其公理稍加补充之后提出后馈外延的概念；基于反馈外延，建立了一种面向目标的决策方法。     

气液动六杆机构的分组综合法

本文采用分组综合和优化相结合的方法,讨论了以气液压缸作为主动件的平面六杆Stepheson型机构用作函数发生器的综合方法,全部求解过程采用了线性迭加技术,且设计点数不受待定参数的限制。     

地理信息/地理信息空间系统在全球经济应用中的关键问题

地理空间信息系统和遥感技术是全球经济的两大主要技术.其应用者不再限制在科学研究和政府服务中.地理信息系统被广泛应用在以下领域:市场开发、场地选择、零售商业、金融和银行业、房地产业等等.遥感被应用到保险业务、风险管理、精密农业等等.所有这些应用都发生在全球经济的背景下.全球经济的主要趋势在供货连锁管理方面得以体现出来.一些问题很关键,即教育问题、法律问题、政策与安全问题和经济问题.本文将根据高等教育的历史发展和源于供货连锁管理的原则进一步探讨教育问题.     

Genome sequence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

The bacterium Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a worldwide threat to public health and has been implicated in many outbreaks of haemorrhagic colitis, some of which included fatalities caused by haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Close to 75,000 cases of O157:H7 infection are now estimated to occur annually in the United States. The severity of disease, the lack of effective treatment and the potential for large-scale outbreaks from contaminated food supplies have propelled intensive research on the pathogenesis and detection of E. coli O157:H7 (ref. 4). Here we have sequenced the genome of E. coli O157:H7 to identify candidate genes responsible for pathogenesis, to develop better methods of strain detection and to advance our understanding of the evolution of E. coli, through comparison with the genome of the non-pathogenic laboratory strain E. coli K-12 (ref. 5). We find that lateral gene transfer is far more extensive than previously anticipated. In fact, 1,387 new genes encoded in strain-specific clusters of diverse sizes were found in O157:H7. These include candidate virulence factors, alternative metabolic capacities, several prophages and other new functions--all of which could be targets for surveillance.     

CpG methylation is maintained in human cancer cells lacking DNMT1

Hypermethylation is associated with the silencing of tumour susceptibility genes in several forms of cancer; however, the mechanisms responsible for this aberrant methylation are poorly understood. The prototypic DNA methyltransferase, DNMT1, has been widely assumed to be responsible for most of the methylation of the human genome, including the abnormal methylation found in cancers. To test this hypothesis, we disrupted the DNMT1 gene through homologous recombination in human colorectal carcinoma cells. Here we show that cells lacking DNMT1 exhibited markedly decreased cellular DNA methyltransferase activity, but there was only a 20% decrease in overall genomic methylation. Although juxtacentromeric satellites became significantly demethylated, most of the loci that we analysed, including the tumour suppressor gene p16INK4a, remained fully methylated and silenced. These results indicate that DNMT1 has an unsuspected degree of regional specificity in human cells and that methylating activities other than DNMT1 can maintain the methylation of most of the genome.     

丰富的自然资源与宏伟的开拓前景——论海南省的开发战略

海南岛是我国第二大岛,资源丰富,在党的十一届三中全会以来,发展很快.现在国家把海南岛建成海南省,对它实行比其他经济特区更特殊、更开放、更优惠、更灵活的政策,将成为我国最开放的省和最大的经济特区。使富饶转化为富裕、内向转化为外向,在国际大循环中加快经济的发展.