中亚热带南部与北部的亮叶水青冈林的比较研究--Ⅰ. 种组成、结构及更新

采用Braun-Blanquet,Fujiwara的植物社会学方法，对分布于中亚热带北部的八大公山及中亚热带南部的南山的亮叶水青冈林进行了植被生态学的比较研究，两个群落被区分．并比较了两群落的种组成、结构及生长更新的特征。     

Manipulation of elementary charge in a silicon charge-coupled device

The ultimate limit in the operation of an electronic device is the manipulation of a single charge. Such a limit has been achieved in single-electron tunnelling devices. However, these devices are based on multiple tunnel barriers and conductive islands, which are complex structures to fabricate. Here we demonstrate another type of device that can also manipulate elementary charge, but which is more suitable for large-scale integration. The device consists of two closely packed silicon wire-MOSFETs, which are commonly used building blocks of electronic circuits. We have developed a scheme to generate and store holes in the channels of either of these MOSFETs. Subsequently, holes can be transferred between the two MOSFETs at the level of an elementary charge, and their exact position can be monitored. This single-charge transfer device, which is operated at 25 K, is in effect a charge-coupled device. This is also the first realization of a silicon-based device that manipulates elementary charge.     

Nuclear Photon Science with Inverse-Compton Photon Beam

Recent developments of the synchroton radiation facilities and intense lasers are now guiding us to a new research frontier with probes of a high energy GeV photon beam and an intense and short pulse MeV γ-ray beam.We discuss new directions of the science developments with photo-nuclear reactions with the inverse Compton γ-rays for studying hadron structure, nuclear structure, astrophysics, materials science, as well as for nuclear technologies.     

Spectroscopic Detection of Chiral Aggregation at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces

Introduction Optical activity is a fundamental property, which pro-vides valuable information on the structure of mole-cules and the conformation of their assemblies. There-fore, it is widely used in many fields including organic chemistry, coordination c…     

Cytokinesis failure generating tetraploids promotes tumorigenesis in p53-null cells

A long-standing hypothesis on tumorigenesis is that cell division failure, generating genetically unstable tetraploid cells, facilitates the development of aneuploid malignancies. Here we test this idea by transiently blocking cytokinesis in p53-null (p53-/-) mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMECs), enabling the isolation of diploid and tetraploid cultures. The tetraploid cells had an increase in the frequency of whole-chromosome mis-segregation and chromosomal rearrangements. Only the tetraploid cells were transformed in vitro after exposure to a carcinogen. Furthermore, in the absence of carcinogen, only the tetraploid cells gave rise to malignant mammary epithelial cancers when transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. These tumours all contained numerous non-reciprocal translocations and an 8-30-fold amplification of a chromosomal region containing a cluster of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes. MMP overexpression is linked to mammary tumours in humans and animal models. Thus, tetraploidy enhances the frequency of chromosomal alterations and promotes tumour development in p53-/- MMECs.     

Demography of the endangered North Atlantic right whale.

Northern right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) were formerly abundant in the northwestern Atlantic, but by 1900 they had been hunted to near extinction. After the end of commercial whaling the population was thought to be recovering slowly; however, evidence indicates that it has been declining since about 1990 (ref. 1). There are now fewer than 300 individuals, and the species may already be functionally extinct owing to demographic stochasticity or the difficulty of females locating mates in the vast Atlantic Ocean (Allee effect). Using a data set containing over 10,000 sightings of photographically identified individuals we estimated trends in right whale demographic parameters since 1980. Here we construct, using these estimates, matrix population models allowing us to analyse the causes of right whale imperilment. Mortality has increased, especially among mother whales, causing declines in population growth rate, life expectancy and the mean lifetime number of reproductive events between the period 1980-1995. Increased mortality of mother whales can explain the declining population size, suggesting that the population is not doomed to extinction as a result of the Allee effect. An analysis of extinction time shows that demographic stochasticity has only a small effect, but preventing the deaths of only two female right whales per year would increase the population growth rate to replacement level.