The influence of reserpine on incorporation of3H-thymidine into mouse liver DNA

Zusammenfassung Der Einbau von³H-Thymidin in die DNA der Leber von weiblichen weissen Mäusen wurde 60 h nach der Verabreichung von 2 mg/kg Reserpin und ausserdem 60 h nach Futterentzug an nicht reserpinisierten Tieren gemessen. Reserpin führt unabhängig von der unter dieser Substanz auftretenden Hypothermie und Anorexie zu einer Hemmung des³H-Thymidin-Einbaus in die DNS der Leber um etwa 60%.     

Beziehungen zwischen Funktion und Stoffwechsel des Zentralnervensystems nach Pervitin

Summary The ATP- and coenzyme-A-content increases in the brain of white mice during excitation produced by Pervitin (2–3µg/g bodyweight) proportional to motility, rate of respiration and oxygen-uptake. These facts, observed in this almost physiological excitation, are contrary to the reduction of the energy-rich phosphates in the brain during convulsions.     

MicroRNAs 103 and 107 regulate insulin sensitivity

Defects in insulin signalling are among the most common and earliest defects that predispose an individual to the development of type 2 diabetes. MicroRNAs have been identified as a new class of regulatory molecules that influence many biological functions, including metabolism. However, the direct regulation of insulin sensitivity by microRNAs in vivo has not been demonstrated. Here we show that the expression of microRNAs 103 and 107 (miR-103/107) is upregulated in obese mice. Silencing of miR-103/107 leads to improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. In contrast, gain of miR-103/107 function in either liver or fat is sufficient to induce impaired glucose homeostasis. We identify caveolin-1, a critical regulator of the insulin receptor, as a direct target gene of miR-103/107. We demonstrate that caveolin-1 is upregulated upon miR-103/107 inactivation in adipocytes and that this is concomitant with stabilization of the insulin receptor, enhanced insulin signalling, decreased adipocyte size and enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. These findings demonstrate the central importance of miR-103/107 to insulin sensitivity and identify a new target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.     

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies three new risk loci for atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a commonly occurring chronic skin disease with high heritability. Apart from filaggrin (FLG), the genes influencing atopic dermatitis are largely unknown. We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 5,606 affected individuals and 20,565 controls from 16 population-based cohorts and then examined the ten most strongly associated new susceptibility loci in an additional 5,419 affected individuals and 19,833 controls from 14 studies. Three SNPs reached genome-wide significance in the discovery and replication cohorts combined, including rs479844 upstream of OVOL1 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.88, P = 1.1 × 10(-13)) and rs2164983 near ACTL9 (OR = 1.16, P = 7.1 × 10(-9)), both of which are near genes that have been implicated in epidermal proliferation and differentiation, as well as rs2897442 in KIF3A within the cytokine cluster at 5q31.1 (OR = 1.11, P = 3.8 × 10(-8)). We also replicated association with the FLG locus and with two recently identified association signals at 11q13.5 (rs7927894; P = 0.008) and 20q13.33 (rs6010620; P = 0.002). Our results underline the importance of both epidermal barrier function and immune dysregulation in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis.