管材超声检测中导波模式及频厚积的选择

用轴向功率流分布来选择检测自由管状结构的最佳导波模式及其最佳频厚积 ,并将混合边界元法应用于管状结构 ,对其结果的有效性进行了验证 .结果表明 :对于自由管材 ,用超声纵向L(0 ,1)模式检测时 ,频厚积在 0 .15MHz·mm以下时较为灵敏 ;用L(0 ,2 )模式检测时 ,在 1.4～ 1.8MHz·mm之间对检测管壁中央的缺陷较灵敏 ;用L(0 ,3)模式检测时 ,在 2 .0MHz·mm以下对管内外表面上的缺陷都较灵敏 .轴向功率流分布能有效地选择检测的最佳导波模式及其频厚积 .     

肌肉自发振动过程中结合几率与化学反应速率的变化

定量分析肌球蛋白与肌动蛋白丝的结合几率及相关化学反应的速率常数,对于准确掌握肌肉收缩的内在机制具有非常重要的意义.以肌肉自发振动的实验结果为依据,从振动过程所满足的动力学方程出发,推导出结合几率与肌丝滑行速度及肌节长度之间的定量关系,并求得化学反应速率随肌肉收缩的速度变化而改变的数学规律.结果显示,结合几率的基准值由溶液中主要化学成分的浓度决定;结合几率的变化值与肌肉收缩的速度成正比,与肌节长度成反比;而化学反应速率随收缩速度按指数规律变化.上述结果与实验值基本一致.     

The medaka draft genome and insights into vertebrate genome evolution

Teleosts comprise more than half of all vertebrate species and have adapted to a variety of marine and freshwater habitats. Their genome evolution and diversification are important subjects for the understanding of vertebrate evolution. Although draft genome sequences of two pufferfishes have been published, analysis of more fish genomes is desirable. Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of a small egg-laying freshwater teleost, medaka (Oryzias latipes). Medaka is native to East Asia and an excellent model system for a wide range of biology, including ecotoxicology, carcinogenesis, sex determination and developmental genetics. In the assembled medaka genome (700 megabases), which is less than half of the zebrafish genome, we predicted 20,141 genes, including approximately 2,900 new genes, using 5'-end serial analysis of gene expression tag information. We found single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at an average rate of 3.42% between the two inbred strains derived from two regional populations; this is the highest SNP rate seen in any vertebrate species. Analyses based on the dense SNP information show a strict genetic separation of 4 million years (Myr) between the two populations, and suggest that differential selective pressures acted on specific gene categories. Four-way comparisons with the human, pufferfish (Tetraodon), zebrafish and medaka genomes revealed that eight major interchromosomal rearrangements took place in a remarkably short period of approximately 50 Myr after the whole-genome duplication event in the teleost ancestor and afterwards, intriguingly, the medaka genome preserved its ancestral karyotype for more than 300 Myr.     

Enatioselective[2 2 2] Cycloaddition as A Synthetic Tool

1 Results Transition metal-catalyzed [2 2 2] cycloaddition is one of the most efficient protocols for the construction of six-membered ring system.Our group has comprehensively studied various types of highly enantioselective [2 2 2] cycloaddition for the synthesis of chiral cycloadducts; we already reported an iridium-catalyzed intermolecular [2 2 2] cycloaddition between α,ω-diynes,having various tethers and substituents on the alkyne termini,and monoalkynes,possessing oxygen or/and nitrogen functiona...     

摩托车曲柄花键冷挤刀具的设计

北方易初为了提高摩托车曲柄花键的生产率 ,从日本进口了冷挤机床及其冷挤刀具 ,该刀具价格昂贵 ,约为一万美元。该厂在近一年的国内调研中 ,还未找到能生产该刀具的厂家。本文就针对北方易初的摩托车曲柄花键 ,应用弹、塑性理论 ,有限元方法等来研究冷挤过程中的材料流动情况 ,塑性变形及弹性恢复 ,由此来确定刀具的齿数及每齿的形状尺寸等相关参数 ,设计并画出冷挤刀具的零件图。为能自行制造该类刀具提供有益的参考。     

直觉模糊集所诱导的软集语义及其三支决策

借助于阴影集,利用直觉模糊参数,将直觉模糊集转化为悲观阴影集和乐观阴影集,提出直觉模糊集悲观三支决策和乐观三支决策,给出直觉模糊集诱导软集的方法。利用三支决策理论,提出软集三支决策定性模型。结合直觉模糊集悲观三支决策和乐观三支决策,利用直觉模糊参数,给出软集三支决策定量模型。     

Increased incidence of unpartnered single chromatids in metaphase II oocytes in 39,X(XO) mice

Since rare cases of sex chromosome anomalies such as XXX and XXY were observed in the offspring of our XO breeder mice, we performed a cytogenetic analysis of metaphase II oocytes of XO mice to determine whether any changes in chromosomal configurations occur. We found a significantly increased incidence of unpartnered single chromatids in metaphase II oocytes of XO mice. Such single chromatids may contribute to embryonic aneuploidy. In addition, the tendency of the X-chromosome to segregate non-randomly to the oocyte rather than to the polar body was confirmed.     

Epidermal growth factor stimulates proliferation of rat hepatoma cells producing alpha-fetoprotein.

Epidermal growth factor stimulated both [3H]thymidine uptake and proliferation of rat AH66 hepatoma cells. However, the increase in cell number was not accompanied by a proportional increase in the levels of alpha-fetoprotein of the culture media. The effects of EGF on the cell proliferation were antagonized by N6,O2'-dibutyryl cAMP.     

Biological effects of trilostane in vitro on oocyte maturation and fertilization in the hamster

Summary The effects of the inhibition of steroidogenesis by trilostane on oocyte maturation were examined by studying spontaneous maturation and fertilization in vitro. 10^–6 M trilostane had no influence on the meiotic process, whether the oocytes were naked or not. At a concentration of 10^–6 M and 10^–7 M trilostane, low normal pronuclear formation and high polyspermy were found during in vitro fertilization. However, no retarded male pronuclear development could be detected in the trilostane-treated group. Thus, steroid producing activity within ova is apparently necessary to prevent multiple sperm penetration, but it has no effect on meiosis or the action of the so-called male pronucleus growth factor (MPGF).