多产柴油的催化裂化动力学模型

在已开发的重油催化裂化十一集总动力学模型的基础上，对参数估计方法进行了改进，建立了一步法确定模型动力学参数的方法，并通过一步法得到了MLC-500催化剂多产柴油裂化的动力学参数，模型的实验室验证表明，动力学参数是可靠的。     

Diplecogaster tonstricula,a new species of cleaning clingfish (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from the Canary Islands and Senegal,eastern Atlantic Ocean,with a review of the Diplecogaster-ctenocrypta species-group

The Diplecogaster-ctenocrypta species-group is reviewed; it comprises two species. The clingfish Diplecogaster ctenocrypta from the Canary Islands is redescribed. The new species Diplecogaster tonstricula, a facultative cleaner of other teleosts, is described on the basis of eight specimens and colour photos from Senegal and the Canary Islands, eastern Atlantic Ocean. The species is small, apparently not exceeding 23 mm total length; it is characterised by having nine dorsal-fin rays, eight anal-fin rays, 24–25 pectoral-fin rays, 14–15 principal caudal-fin rays, 13–16 rakers on third gill arch, pelvic disc without lateral papillae in region A, disc region B with two rows of weak papillae, interorbital distance 4.1–4.6 in head length, distance between disc and anus 14–17% of SL, head and body with 10–13 narrow vertical brownish bars, cheek with a white ocellus surrounded by black, and with a small black spot in the middle. The new species is compared with other species of the genus; a key to the six known species of the eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea and South African genus Diplecogaster is presented. A checklist is provided for the species of Diplecogaster and their synonyms.     

催化裂化原料油的乳化过程

将掺渣蜡油乳化成W／O乳液，作为催化裂化原料油，在二次雾化和分子解聚作用下，可显著改善原料油雾化状况，降低结焦和干气收率。研究了掺渣蜡油的乳化过程，包括乳化剂的单剂筛选和复配以及乳化工艺条件。结果表明，烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（M－2）具有较好的乳化性能；乳化剂的复配能增加乳化原料油稳定性；适宜的掺水量是ω水＝0.10-0.15，加剂量为ω乳化剂＝0.001-0.00125；乳化温度70℃-80℃，乳液体系中水珠分布直径为5μm-10μm，乳化原粒油在80℃时油水分层时间达14d。     

RCCLK软件对催化裂化掺炼焦化蜡油、柴油的模拟计算

运用重油催化裂化十一集总动力学模型的工业应用软件 RCCLK,对催化裂化装置掺炼焦化蜡油和焦化柴油的工况进行了模拟。结果表明 ,模拟预测计算结果能较好地符合催化裂化反应规律 ,为催化裂化掺炼焦化蜡油、柴油选择合理的操作条件提供了依据     

Comparative genomic analysis of three Leishmania species that cause diverse human disease

Leishmania parasites cause a broad spectrum of clinical disease. Here we report the sequencing of the genomes of two species of Leishmania: Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis. The comparison of these sequences with the published genome of Leishmania major reveals marked conservation of synteny and identifies only approximately 200 genes with a differential distribution between the three species. L. braziliensis, contrary to Leishmania species examined so far, possesses components of a putative RNA-mediated interference pathway, telomere-associated transposable elements and spliced leader-associated SLACS retrotransposons. We show that pseudogene formation and gene loss are the principal forces shaping the different genomes. Genes that are differentially distributed between the species encode proteins implicated in host-pathogen interactions and parasite survival in the macrophage.     

Functional metagenomic profiling of nine biomes

Microbial activities shape the biogeochemistry of the planet and macroorganism health. Determining the metabolic processes performed by microbes is important both for understanding and for manipulating ecosystems (for example, disruption of key processes that lead to disease, conservation of environmental services, and so on). Describing microbial function is hampered by the inability to culture most microbes and by high levels of genomic plasticity. Metagenomic approaches analyse microbial communities to determine the metabolic processes that are important for growth and survival in any given environment. Here we conduct a metagenomic comparison of almost 15 million sequences from 45 distinct microbiomes and, for the first time, 42 distinct viromes and show that there are strongly discriminatory metabolic profiles across environments. Most of the functional diversity was maintained in all of the communities, but the relative occurrence of metabolisms varied, and the differences between metagenomes predicted the biogeochemical conditions of each environment. The magnitude of the microbial metabolic capabilities encoded by the viromes was extensive, suggesting that they serve as a repository for storing and sharing genes among their microbial hosts and influence global evolutionary and metabolic processes.