Vinculin activation by talin through helical bundle conversion

Vinculin is a conserved component and an essential regulator of both cell-cell (cadherin-mediated) and cell-matrix (integrin-talin-mediated focal adhesions) junctions, and it anchors these adhesion complexes to the actin cytoskeleton by binding to talin in integrin complexes or to alpha-actinin in cadherin junctions. In its resting state, vinculin is held in a closed conformation through interactions between its head (Vh) and tail (Vt) domains. The binding of vinculin to focal adhesions requires its association with talin. Here we report the crystal structures of human vinculin in its inactive and talin-activated states. Talin binding induces marked conformational changes in Vh, creating a novel helical bundle structure, and this alteration actively displaces Vt from Vh. These results, as well as the ability of alpha-actinin to also bind to Vh and displace Vt from pre-existing Vh-Vt complexes, support a model whereby Vh functions as a domain that undergoes marked structural changes that allow vinculin to direct cytoskeletal assembly in focal adhesions and adherens junctions. Notably, talin's effects on Vh structure establish helical bundle conversion as a signalling mechanism by which proteins direct cellular responses.     

Leucine aminopeptidase activity in muscles of dystrophic mice

Résumé L'activité de la leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) a été mesurée dans le muscle de la souris dystrophique. La LAP est peu active dans le muscle dystrophique de la souris jeune (50 à 60 jours). D'autre part, l'activité de l'enzyme est fortement augmentée dans le muscle de la souris plus agée (110 à 125 jours). Un traitement de 5 jours à l'hormone de croissance chez la souris jeune n'a pas modifié significativement l'activité de la LAP dans les muscles des souris dystrophiques ou témoins.     

Computer-Aided Detection System on Tangled Roller

Introduction Intheposttreatmentofchoppedfibreproduction,the thirddraftingrollerandtensionheat settingrolleroftenwere tangledbybrokentowforthereasonofhighspeed,hightemperatureofrollersurface,orotheradditionalforeign factors.While,thetworollerswerekeysegmentinthewhole technology.Itwouldleadtooneormoredrumcavedin,and eventobediscardediftheequipmenthadnotbeenstoppedintime.Usually,suchaccidentwouldbringgreatloss,what wouldnotbegotback.Sothetotalsetofequipmentrequiredthatdetectormusthavegoodperfo…     

计算机辅助鉴定技术在海洋浮游植物分类鉴定中的应用

本文对计算机辅助鉴定技术在海洋浮游植物分类鉴定中的应用进行了探讨,总结了不同技术的特点,并在总结计算机辅助鉴定技术在海洋浮游植物分类鉴定方面应用现状的基础上,对其发展前景做出了展望。     

Systematic variation of the stellar initial mass function in early-type galaxies

Much of our knowledge of galaxies comes from analysing the radiation emitted by their stars, which depends on the present number of each type of star in the galaxy. The present number depends on the stellar initial mass function (IMF), which describes the distribution of stellar masses when the population formed, and knowledge of it is critical to almost every aspect of galaxy evolution. More than 50 years after the first IMF determination, no consensus has emerged on whether it is universal among different types of galaxies. Previous studies indicated that the IMF and the dark matter fraction in galaxy centres cannot both be universal, but they could not convincingly discriminate between the two possibilities. Only recently were indications found that massive elliptical galaxies may not have the same IMF as the Milky Way. Here we report a study of the two-dimensional stellar kinematics for the large representative ATLAS(3D) sample of nearby early-type galaxies spanning two orders of magnitude in stellar mass, using detailed dynamical models. We find a strong systematic variation in IMF in early-type galaxies as a function of their stellar mass-to-light ratios, producing differences of a factor of up to three in galactic stellar mass. This implies that a galaxy's IMF depends intimately on the galaxy's formation history.     

Inhibition by food restriction of the renal damage due to corticoid-overdosage

Zusammenfassung Bei Ratten, die durch einseitige Nierenexstirpation und 1% NaCl als Trinkflüssigkeit sensibilisiert wurden, war die Nephrosklerose, die normalerweise durch das Desoxycorticosteronacetat (DOCA) hervorgerufen wird, durch gleichzeitige Zufuhr von Cortisolacetat (COLA) noch verstärkt. Einschränkung der Nahrungszufuhr kann die Produktion von Nephrosklerose durch DOCA vollkommen verhindern, Unterernährung hat jedoch viel weniger Einfluss auf das Entstehen derartiger Nierenveränderungen nach gleichzeitiger Behandlung mit DOCA und COLA.     

Does thyro-parathyroidectomy abolish the antiphlogistic actions of cortisone?

Zusammenfassung Die angebliche Aufhebung der entzündungshemmenden Wirkung des Cortisons durch Thyreo-Parathyreoidektomie wurde experimentell nachgeprüft. Für die objektive Messung des Entzündungsgrades wurden drei Methoden benutzt: Die sogenannte «granuloma pouch» nach Krotonöl und die sogenannte «topical irritation arthritis» nach Formalin und Dextran.In allen drei Testen war es unmöglich, die entzündungshemmende Wirkung des Cortisons durch Thyreo-Parathyreoidektomie zu verhindern.