日本对虾野生和养殖群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

为加深和丰富对我国最为重要的经济虾类之一日本对虾(Penaeusjaponicus)遗传多样性的认识,分析了日本对虾一个野生地理种群(台湾海峡北部)及其移植到北方水域进行繁育的养殖群体各23个个体的随机扩增DNA多态性.实验选取OPK组20个10bp随机引物中的17个产生效果稳定的扩增结果用于群体遗传多样性分析,在两个群体中共检测出155个位点,野生种群和养殖群体的多态比例分别为85.14%和78.62%.用经修正的Shannon表型多样性指数量化两个群体的遗传多态度,野生种群和养殖群体的遗传多态度分别为0.214和0.201;两群体的遗传相似度为94.20%,遗传距离为0.058.     

Genetic diversity in Penaeus chinensis shrimp as revealed by RAPD technique

The random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was used to estimate genetic diversity in one successively cultivated stock and three wild stocks of Penaeus chinensis shrimp, two of which were collected from the spawning and wintering grounds in the west coast of Korean Peninsula, and one from the feeding ground in the China coast of the Yellow Sea. A random primer kit was employed to scan the genomic DNA in 20 individuals of each index stock. A total of 110 reproducible RAPD markers were obtained, 68.2 % of which showed a sound eonformability within all the individuals detected, implying that the genetic variability in P. chinensis is relatively low. The proportions of polymorphic loci among these four stocks ranged from 20% to 33.3%, while the degrees of genetic polymorphisms varied from 0.0093 to 0.0307. The genetic variability of inter-stocks was higher than that of intra-stock. The genetic diversity in different stocks differed from each other; that is, a less genetic differentiation in the spawning and wintering stocks from the west coast of Korean Peninsula was revealed and their genetic diversities were higher than that of the spawning stock in the Bohai Sea and the China coast of the Yellow Sea. As detected, the genetic diversity in the successively cultivated stock was the lowest among these four stocks. Through genetic distance analysis between a random pair of individuals, a dendrogram of the above-mentioned four stocks was constructed by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. The results based on cluster analysis well fitted with the geographical distribution of P. chinensis in the Bohai and Yellow Seas.     

中国对虾遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态DNA技术,对中国对虾的3个野生地理群体--朝鲜半岛西海岸产卵群体及其越冬群体、黄渤海中国沿岸群体和一个人工累代养殖群体进行了遗传多样性研究.用一组随机引物,对每个群体各20尾对虾的基因组DNA进行扩增,共获得110个重复性好且谱带清晰的RAPD标记,68.2%的标记在所有个体间保持稳定的一致性,表明中国对虾的遗传多样性水平偏低.4个群体的多态位点比例在20%～33.3%之间,群体内的遗传多态度为0.0093～0.0307.群体间遗传变异高于群体内.不同群体间遗传变异水平不同,朝鲜半岛西海岸产卵群体及其越冬群体相近且高于黄渤海沿岸群体,累代养殖群体遗传变异度最低.通过成对的遗传距离分析,用非加权的组平均法构建了上述4个群体中国对虾的谱系关系图,该聚类分析的结果与中国对虾在黄渤海的地理分布相吻合.