基于(s,S)库存策略的分销系统最优分配问题

分销系统的运营成本不仅与所采取的库存控制策略有关,也与配送中心在货源不足时的分配策略有关。该文讨论单品种、单配送中心多销售点、周期观察、随机需求的两级分销系统。配送中心及各销售点都采用(s,S)库存控制策略,顾客对销售点的需求过程服从Po isson过程。在给定配送中心向销售点分配策略的情况下,系统的状态转移形成一个离散时间的M arkov链,因此系统的最优分配策略问题是一个M arkov决策问题。采用策略迭代或值迭代的办法,可以求解系统的最优库存分配策略。数值算例表明,采用最优库存分配策略能显著降低系统的成本。     

Information Sharing in a Multi-Echelon Inventory System

The influence of different information sharing scenarios in a single supplier-single retailer supply chain is analyzed. The five information sharing scenarios are centralized information sharing, full information sharing, supplier-dominated information sharing, retailer-dominated information sharing, and non- information sharing. Iterative procedures are developed to obtain the inventory policies and the system costs at equilibrium points. Numerical examples show that the cost of a centralized inventory system is about 20% - 40% lower than that of a decentralized system with non-information sharing. Furthermore, a higher in- formation sharing level does not always lead to a lower system cost in a decentralized supply chain due to inventory competition.